{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2895482960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2872748","title":"Two-Layer Carrier Index Modulation Scheme Based on Differential Chaos Shift Keying","display_name":"Two-Layer Carrier Index Modulation Scheme Based on Differential Chaos Shift Keying","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2895482960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2872748","mag":"2895482960"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2872748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2872748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2872748","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049059749","display_name":"Wenhao Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-7130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhao Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032634877","display_name":"Hua Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8882-3081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8882-3081","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024193112","display_name":"Yurong Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5827-4413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yurong Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automation, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005382201","display_name":"Guo\u2010Ping Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9448-0989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoping Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automation, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.8838,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75943183,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"56433","last_page":"56444"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10244","display_name":"Chaos control and synchronization","score":0.9678999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subcarrier","display_name":"Subcarrier","score":0.7214385867118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.6216326355934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5582656264305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.510613739490509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.4894973039627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48526450991630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaotic","display_name":"Chaotic","score":0.46637943387031555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keying","display_name":"Keying","score":0.45451048016548157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.4482991397380829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4358454942703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation-index","display_name":"Modulation index","score":0.41123831272125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3968349099159241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3893156945705414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3095540404319763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3021867275238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.24924537539482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20495378971099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.12865445017814636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.09766912460327148}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198329298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586358","display_name":"Subcarrier","level":4,"score":0.7214385867118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.6216326355934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5582656264305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.510613739490509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.4894973039627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48526450991630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777052490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072826","display_name":"Chaotic","level":2,"score":0.46637943387031555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.45451048016548157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.4482991397380829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4358454942703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776635522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11883093","display_name":"Modulation index","level":4,"score":0.41123831272125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3968349099159241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3893156945705414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3095540404319763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3021867275238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.24924537539482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20495378971099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.12865445017814636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.09766912460327148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2872748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2872748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:720ff970fb1a48ca973b30cdceb10700","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/720ff970fb1a48ca973b30cdceb10700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 56433-56444 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2872748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2872748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3541562074","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61373136","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4794703675","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61374180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5433875187","display_name":"\u591a\u91cd\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u64ad\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u91cd\u8981\u8282\u70b9\u9632\u5fa1\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61672298","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6466142694","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61401226","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504535869","https://openalex.org/W1546892607","https://openalex.org/W1999988379","https://openalex.org/W2061090545","https://openalex.org/W2066055327","https://openalex.org/W2092595082","https://openalex.org/W2105734693","https://openalex.org/W2108581165","https://openalex.org/W2115986869","https://openalex.org/W2128070739","https://openalex.org/W2136787699","https://openalex.org/W2152953137","https://openalex.org/W2164720749","https://openalex.org/W2275669737","https://openalex.org/W2290238700","https://openalex.org/W2328902286","https://openalex.org/W2330376055","https://openalex.org/W2342573734","https://openalex.org/W2521533684","https://openalex.org/W2524503450","https://openalex.org/W2530364118","https://openalex.org/W2540924152","https://openalex.org/W2604605657","https://openalex.org/W2624327816","https://openalex.org/W2736203699","https://openalex.org/W2744485539","https://openalex.org/W2749416749","https://openalex.org/W2765957958","https://openalex.org/W2769581630","https://openalex.org/W2778806702","https://openalex.org/W2781506770","https://openalex.org/W2788685483","https://openalex.org/W2789497160","https://openalex.org/W2793931757","https://openalex.org/W3098619830","https://openalex.org/W6745735936","https://openalex.org/W6748574407"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172159377","https://openalex.org/W2091769028","https://openalex.org/W1996543123","https://openalex.org/W2351865055","https://openalex.org/W4388516297","https://openalex.org/W2020731358","https://openalex.org/W2155166429","https://openalex.org/W2355206389","https://openalex.org/W2140095906","https://openalex.org/W2057250360"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,96],"this":[1,147],"paper,":[2],"a":[3],"novel":[4],"carrier":[5],"index":[6,59,100],"differential":[7],"chaos":[8],"shift":[9],"keying":[10],"(DCSK)":[11],"modulation":[12],"system":[13,24],"is":[14,50],"proposed":[15,149],"for":[16],"increased":[17],"energy":[18,107],"and":[19,39,61,129,137],"spectral":[20],"efficiencies.":[21],"The":[22],"new":[23,148],"splits":[25],"all":[26,53],"data":[27,90],"bits":[28,101],"into":[29],"two":[30,89],"groups,":[31],"which":[32],"are":[33,102,134,139],"carried":[34],"by":[35,104],"the":[36,58,62,66,79,82,88,99,105,110,116,144],"chaotic":[37,85],"signals":[38],"their":[40],"Hilbert":[41,83],"transforms,":[42],"respectively.":[43],"For":[44],"each":[45,97],"group,":[46,98],"one":[47,70],"active":[48,67],"subcarrier":[49,68],"selected":[51],"from":[52],"candidate":[54],"subcarriers":[55],"according":[56],"to":[57,114,142],"bits,":[60],"signal":[63],"transmitted":[64],"via":[65],"carries":[69],"modulated":[71,117],"bit":[72,120],"through":[73],"DCSK":[74],"modulation.":[75],"By":[76],"correlating":[77],"with":[78],"exact":[80],"or":[81],"filtered":[84],"reference":[86],"signals,":[87],"groups":[91],"can":[92],"be":[93],"demodulated":[94],"separately.":[95],"determined":[103],"maximum":[106],"comparator,":[108],"while":[109],"threshold":[111],"verdict":[112],"helps":[113],"estimate":[115],"bit.":[118],"Analytical":[119],"error":[121],"rate":[122],"expressions":[123],"over":[124],"additive":[125],"white":[126],"Gaussian":[127],"noise":[128],"multipath":[130],"Rayleigh":[131],"fading":[132],"channels":[133],"derived.":[135],"Simulations":[136],"comparisons":[138],"also":[140],"performed":[141],"verify":[143],"advantages":[145],"of":[146],"design.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}