{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2889593905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2871574","title":"Stochastic Driving Cycle Synthesis for Analyzing the Energy Consumption of a Battery Electric Bus","display_name":"Stochastic Driving Cycle Synthesis for Analyzing the Energy Consumption of a Battery Electric Bus","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2889593905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2871574","mag":"2889593905"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2871574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2871574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2871574","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002490525","display_name":"Klaus Kivek\u00e4s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2233-8876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Kivekas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012900928","display_name":"Jari Veps\u00e4l\u00e4inen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-5687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jari Vepsalainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034426727","display_name":"Kari Tammi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9376-2386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kari Tammi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002490525"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.8003,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94807914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"55586","last_page":"55598"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-cycle","display_name":"Driving cycle","score":0.7875542044639587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.6318922638893127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.6107580065727234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/powertrain","display_name":"Powertrain","score":0.5881759524345398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5874012112617493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5634201765060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5438490509986877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-range","display_name":"Driving range","score":0.498274564743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport","display_name":"Public transport","score":0.45889827609062195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.39859092235565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22151824831962585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.1879584789276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1417349874973297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169042556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16246150","display_name":"Driving cycle","level":4,"score":0.7875542044639587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.6318922638893127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6107580065727234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76047896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786258","display_name":"Powertrain","level":3,"score":0.5881759524345398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5874012112617493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5634201765060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5438490509986877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780847881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3177122","display_name":"Driving range","level":4,"score":0.498274564743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.45889827609062195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.39859092235565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22151824831962585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.1879584789276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1417349874973297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2871574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2871574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/35066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/5e16a13b-f5bd-4971-b23f-a65f85dee80e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401663","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3b3d41a0fe64488995074366c2901022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3b3d41a0fe64488995074366c2901022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 55586-55598 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2871574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2871574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2525273","https://openalex.org/W379707224","https://openalex.org/W1520521143","https://openalex.org/W1796154257","https://openalex.org/W1974229389","https://openalex.org/W1975137080","https://openalex.org/W1976303053","https://openalex.org/W1978662634","https://openalex.org/W1984277790","https://openalex.org/W1987990113","https://openalex.org/W1990758154","https://openalex.org/W2002547186","https://openalex.org/W2007781011","https://openalex.org/W2008426812","https://openalex.org/W2017749620","https://openalex.org/W2020715838","https://openalex.org/W2025441339","https://openalex.org/W2052138306","https://openalex.org/W2052538219","https://openalex.org/W2072284544","https://openalex.org/W2081366137","https://openalex.org/W2096354270","https://openalex.org/W2106234748","https://openalex.org/W2135137731","https://openalex.org/W2154495601","https://openalex.org/W2260092691","https://openalex.org/W2303819161","https://openalex.org/W2327301452","https://openalex.org/W2472191079","https://openalex.org/W2518457193","https://openalex.org/W2593063131","https://openalex.org/W2607207663","https://openalex.org/W2610862454","https://openalex.org/W2624037386","https://openalex.org/W2795542459","https://openalex.org/W2807725801","https://openalex.org/W2808407428","https://openalex.org/W4298987043","https://openalex.org/W6656989688","https://openalex.org/W6734877444","https://openalex.org/W6739349481"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982860012","https://openalex.org/W4289209556","https://openalex.org/W2360215965","https://openalex.org/W2910373838","https://openalex.org/W2009934321","https://openalex.org/W2901375575","https://openalex.org/W2395107715","https://openalex.org/W2137409234","https://openalex.org/W4327545682","https://openalex.org/W3114874629"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Previous":[0],"driving":[1,27,89],"cycle":[2,11,28,90,129,156],"generation":[3],"studies":[4],"have":[5],"focused":[6],"on":[7,49,76,95,104],"constructing":[8],"a":[9,13,25,34,44,51,77,100,105,117],"single":[10],"from":[12],"large":[14,35],"data":[15],"set.":[16],"This":[17],"paper":[18],"takes":[19],"the":[20,59,65,86,124,138,145,148],"opposite":[21],"approach":[22],"by":[23,63],"presenting":[24],"novel":[26],"synthetization":[29,157],"method":[30,60,81],"that":[31],"can":[32],"generate":[33],"number":[36],"of":[37,53,58,68,73,88,99,147],"varying":[38],"cycles":[39,70,75,113],"and":[40,91,123,144,158,172],"passenger":[41,92],"numbers":[42],"for":[43,166],"chosen":[45],"bus":[46,103,120,173,182,188],"route":[47,107,170],"based":[48],"only":[50],"handful":[52],"measured":[54,74],"cycles.":[55],"The":[56,80,132,154],"validity":[57],"was":[61,82,130,135,141,151],"confirmed":[62],"comparing":[64],"statistical":[66],"properties":[67],"synthesized":[69],"to":[71,84],"those":[72],"selected":[78],"route.":[79],"applied":[83],"analyze":[85],"impact":[87],"load":[93],"variations":[94,98],"energy":[96,125],"consumption":[97,126,134,149,159],"battery":[101],"electric":[102,119],"suburban":[106],"in":[108,180],"Espoo,":[109],"Finland.":[110],"Ten-thousand":[111],"synthetic":[112],"were":[114],"run":[115],"with":[116],"validated":[118],"simulation":[121],"model,":[122],"during":[127],"each":[128],"recorded.":[131],"mean":[133],"0.914":[136],"kWh/km,":[137,143],"standard":[139],"deviation":[140],"0.043":[142],"range":[146],"variation":[150],"0.331":[152],"kWh/km.":[153],"new":[155],"distribution":[160],"forecasting":[161],"methods":[162],"are":[163],"useful":[164],"tools":[165],"public":[167],"transport":[168],"authority,":[169],"operators,":[171],"manufacturers,":[174],"as":[175,185,187],"they":[176],"could":[177],"be":[178],"used":[179],"optimizing":[181],"powertrain":[183],"dimensions":[184],"well":[186],"line":[189],"schedules.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}