{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2889991764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2871502","title":"Learning Radiologist\u2019s Step-by-Step Skill for Cervical Spinal Injury Examination: Line Drawing, Prevertebral Soft Tissue Thickness Measurement, and Swelling Detection","display_name":"Learning Radiologist\u2019s Step-by-Step Skill for Cervical Spinal Injury Examination: Line Drawing, Prevertebral Soft Tissue Thickness Measurement, and Swelling Detection","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2889991764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2871502","mag":"2889991764"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2871502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2871502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2871502","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002034433","display_name":"Young Han Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5602-391X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73616290","display_name":"Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/03ep23f07","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I73616290"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Young Han Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73616290","https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047696068","display_name":"Sewon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3893-252X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sewon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052610339","display_name":"Jin\u2010Suck Suh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9455-9240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73616290","display_name":"Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/03ep23f07","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I73616290"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin-Suck Suh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73616290","https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085519704","display_name":"Dosik Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2217-2837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dosik Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002034433"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966","https://openalex.org/I73616290"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.111,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45787452,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"55492","last_page":"55500"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10776","display_name":"Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12154","display_name":"Pelvic and Acetabular Injuries","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intraclass-correlation","display_name":"Intraclass correlation","score":0.8328484296798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiography","display_name":"Radiography","score":0.7168363332748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5916227698326111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-tissue","display_name":"Soft tissue","score":0.5668853521347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cervical-vertebrae","display_name":"Cervical vertebrae","score":0.5140020251274109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.5131990909576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.4268200993537903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-medicine","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","score":0.3331446647644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.1834833025932312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104709138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671540","display_name":"Intraclass correlation","level":3,"score":0.8328484296798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.7168363332748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5916227698326111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136948725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458306","display_name":"Soft tissue","level":2,"score":0.5668853521347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776944266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900457","display_name":"Cervical vertebrae","level":2,"score":0.5140020251274109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.5131990909576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.4268200993537903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.3331446647644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.1834833025932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2871502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2871502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0bfe4b4fdb444c2bbca50cd3098dccdf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0bfe4b4fdb444c2bbca50cd3098dccdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 55492-55500 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr:22282913/166609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/166609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400691","display_name":"YUHSpace (Yonsei University Medical Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","host_organization_name":"Yonsei University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2871502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2871502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5137420358","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015R1A2A1A05001887","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6384248061","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016R1A2B4015016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6826018530","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018R1A2B6009076","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1990252401","https://openalex.org/W2001338312","https://openalex.org/W2003687276","https://openalex.org/W2027995942","https://openalex.org/W2042877302","https://openalex.org/W2057849699","https://openalex.org/W2066188676","https://openalex.org/W2131697802","https://openalex.org/W2137845331","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2578452911","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W6639824700"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049420167","https://openalex.org/W77735594","https://openalex.org/W79086181","https://openalex.org/W1963758283","https://openalex.org/W2323976173","https://openalex.org/W2097209223","https://openalex.org/W2050552023","https://openalex.org/W2032920816","https://openalex.org/W2061256913","https://openalex.org/W1978782785"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radiologists":[0],"examine":[1],"lateral":[2],"view":[3],"radiographs":[4,39,185],"of":[5,13,83,97,155,178,188],"the":[6,11,30,45,70,74,84,123,139,143,147,150,176,189],"cervical":[7,14,190],"spine":[8],"to":[9,66,81],"determine":[10],"presence":[12],"spinal":[15],"injury.":[16,42],"In":[17],"this":[18],"paper,":[19],"we":[20],"demonstrate":[21],"that":[22,170],"an":[23],"artificial":[24],"intelligence":[25],"neural":[26,64,172],"network":[27],"can":[28],"learn":[29],"steps":[31],"employed":[32],"by":[33,69,158,181],"a":[34,107],"radiologist":[35],"when":[36,183],"examining":[37],"these":[38],"for":[40,186],"possible":[41],"We":[43,168],"deconstructed":[44],"decision-making":[46],"strategy":[47],"into":[48],"three":[49],"steps:":[50],"line":[51,79],"drawing,":[52],"prevertebral":[53],"soft":[54],"tissue":[55],"thickness":[56],"(PSTT)":[57],"measurement,":[58],"and":[59,86,90,104,116,132,153,165],"swelling":[60,91,156],"detection.":[61],"After":[62],"training":[63],"networks":[65,75,173],"be":[67],"guided":[68],"radiologist\u2019s":[71,144],"intermediate":[72],"labels,":[73],"successfully":[76,174],"performed":[77],"comparable":[78],"drawings":[80],"those":[82],"radiologists,":[85],"subsequent":[87],"PSTT":[88,98],"measurement":[89],"detection":[92,157],"were":[93,162],"successful.":[94],"Quantitative":[95],"comparison":[96],"measurements":[99],"between":[100],"our":[101,159,171],"proposed":[102,160],"method":[103,161],"radiologists":[105,182],"showed":[106],"high":[108],"correlation":[109,118,134],"(r":[110],"=":[111,120,127,136],"0.8663,":[112],"p":[113,129],"<":[114,130],"0.05,":[115,131],"intraclass":[117,133],"coefficient":[119,135],"0.9283":[121],"at":[122,138],"C2":[124],"level;":[125],"r":[126],"0.7720,":[128],"0.8667":[137],"C6":[140],"level).":[141],"Using":[142],"diagnosis":[145],"as":[146],"reference":[148],"point,":[149],"sensitivity,":[151],"specificity,":[152],"accuracy":[154],"100%,":[163],"98.37%,":[164],"98.48,":[166],"respectively.":[167],"conclude":[169],"learned":[175],"sequence":[177],"skills":[179],"used":[180],"interpreting":[184],"injury":[187],"spine.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2018-09-27T00:00:00"}
