{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2890229793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2869624","title":"Eye Fatigue Assessment Using Unobtrusive Eye Tracker","display_name":"Eye Fatigue Assessment Using Unobtrusive Eye Tracker","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2890229793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2869624","mag":"2890229793"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2869624","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2869624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2869624","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100322875","display_name":"Yan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0733-3812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmissions, Institute of Image Communication and Network Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0733-3812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmissions, Institute of Image Communication and Network Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064168853","display_name":"Guangtao Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8165-9322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangtao Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmissions, Institute of Image Communication and Network Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmissions, Institute of Image Communication and Network Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080268807","display_name":"Shaoqian Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113914","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Neurosurgery","ror":"https://ror.org/01xbd6g65","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoqian Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021220792","display_name":"Sichao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0264-0708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113914","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Neurosurgery","ror":"https://ror.org/01xbd6g65","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sichao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043405654","display_name":"Xiongkuo Min","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-0416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiongkuo Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmissions, Institute of Image Communication and Network Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmissions, Institute of Image Communication and Network Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047926878","display_name":"Zhongpai Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4344-4501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongpai Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmissions, Institute of Image Communication and Network Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4344-4501","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmissions, Institute of Image Communication and Network Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058455658","display_name":"Menghan Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-8930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Menghan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100322875"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.824,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90813477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"55948","last_page":"55962"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.7557570934295654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.6871541142463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5433801412582397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensation","display_name":"Sensation","score":0.43679165840148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking-on-the-iss","display_name":"Eye tracking on the ISS","score":0.4308050572872162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.39926642179489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3861526846885681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.35657578706741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optometry","display_name":"Optometry","score":0.32953834533691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.28776663541793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2727683484554291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.14239346981048584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.7557570934295654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.6871541142463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5433801412582397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130093455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173253","display_name":"Sensation","level":2,"score":0.43679165840148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41407105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422741","display_name":"Eye tracking on the ISS","level":3,"score":0.4308050572872162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.39926642179489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3861526846885681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.35657578706741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.32953834533691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.28776663541793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2727683484554291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.14239346981048584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2869624","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2869624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e1c2190b63124282b087cfbe0c4aec5c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e1c2190b63124282b087cfbe0c4aec5c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 55948-55962 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2869624","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2869624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1111133314","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"15DZ0500200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5782349926","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201339","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321769","funder_display_name":"Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6088092935","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61521062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G639214180","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61527804","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321769","display_name":"Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of the People's Republic of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","ror":"https://ror.org/03kt66j61"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W219703096","https://openalex.org/W1784828273","https://openalex.org/W1949248926","https://openalex.org/W1970800202","https://openalex.org/W1972340370","https://openalex.org/W1989488410","https://openalex.org/W1990375475","https://openalex.org/W1994877858","https://openalex.org/W2007050736","https://openalex.org/W2012441693","https://openalex.org/W2016728052","https://openalex.org/W2017598974","https://openalex.org/W2023159994","https://openalex.org/W2042989171","https://openalex.org/W2046996079","https://openalex.org/W2049851805","https://openalex.org/W2050102554","https://openalex.org/W2055506901","https://openalex.org/W2055960426","https://openalex.org/W2057420473","https://openalex.org/W2062406650","https://openalex.org/W2068352569","https://openalex.org/W2069734086","https://openalex.org/W2087675590","https://openalex.org/W2104673062","https://openalex.org/W2105051969","https://openalex.org/W2106587864","https://openalex.org/W2126642649","https://openalex.org/W2128160912","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2154053567","https://openalex.org/W2158546915","https://openalex.org/W2171364705","https://openalex.org/W2286311250","https://openalex.org/W2333794841","https://openalex.org/W2493322845","https://openalex.org/W2533370895","https://openalex.org/W2577597239","https://openalex.org/W2580256197","https://openalex.org/W2615596345","https://openalex.org/W2616930666","https://openalex.org/W2743390484","https://openalex.org/W2767136499","https://openalex.org/W2777280533","https://openalex.org/W2794680924","https://openalex.org/W2894938704","https://openalex.org/W2904725071","https://openalex.org/W3101327500","https://openalex.org/W4247506128","https://openalex.org/W4248891874","https://openalex.org/W4249938533","https://openalex.org/W6608640238","https://openalex.org/W6638022632","https://openalex.org/W6732315568","https://openalex.org/W6755376244"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1701036363","https://openalex.org/W2958385752","https://openalex.org/W1561131412","https://openalex.org/W1981014703","https://openalex.org/W4206950173","https://openalex.org/W2186236678","https://openalex.org/W2113629050","https://openalex.org/W2978078285","https://openalex.org/W4384434815","https://openalex.org/W4253556404"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"More":[0],"than":[1],"80%":[2],"sensory":[3],"information":[4],"our":[5,195],"brains":[6],"receive":[7],"come":[8],"from":[9,70],"the":[10,26,67,87,105,130,137,143,170],"eyes.":[11],"Eye":[12],"fatigue":[13,77,91,138,144,156,175,202],"and":[14,45,54,97,185],"associated":[15],"eye":[16,76,90,114,125,155,164,174,182,186,201],"diseases":[17],"become":[18],"increasingly":[19],"severe":[20],"as":[21,101],"digital":[22],"devices":[23],"progress":[24],"in":[25,38],"last":[27],"decade.":[28],"Visual":[29],"behaviors":[30],"are":[31,78,82,178],"controlled":[32],"by":[33],"different":[34],"parts":[35],"of":[36,75,86,124,129,154,194],"muscles":[37,68],"human":[39],"vision":[40],"system.":[41],"One":[42],"can":[43,133,197],"relax":[44],"protect":[46],"his":[47,57],"eyes":[48,58],"timely":[49],"if":[50],"he":[51],"knows":[52],"when":[53,66],"how":[55],"fatigued":[56],"are.":[59],"However,":[60,116],"people":[61],"usually":[62],"have":[63],"no":[64],"sensation":[65],"suffer":[69],"fatigue.":[71,126],"Thus,":[72],"subjective":[73],"assessments":[74,81],"inaccurate.":[79],"Objective":[80],"more":[83],"reliable.":[84],"Some":[85,109],"previous":[88],"objective":[89],"assessment":[92,176],"methods":[93,111,132],"depended":[94,112],"on":[95,113,158,181],"complex":[96],"expensive":[98],"equipment,":[99],"such":[100],"EEG,":[102],"which":[103],"made":[104],"user":[106],"feel":[107],"obtrusive.":[108],"other":[110],"tracker.":[115],"they":[117],"didn't":[118],"provide":[119,142,150,198],"a":[120,151,191],"widely":[121],"accepted":[122],"definition":[123,153],"Moreover,":[127],"most":[128],"existing":[131],"only":[134],"tell":[135],"whether":[136],"occurs":[139],"but":[140],"cannot":[141],"level.":[145],"In":[146],"this":[147],"paper,":[148],"we":[149],"novel":[152],"based":[157,180],"seven":[159],"optometry":[160],"metrics.":[161],"An":[162],"unobtrusive":[163],"tracker":[165],"is":[166],"used":[167],"to":[168,204],"do":[169],"assessment.":[171],"Two":[172],"real-time":[173],"models":[177,196],"proposed":[179],"movement":[183],"data":[184],"blink":[187],"data,":[188],"respectively.":[189],"As":[190],"result,":[192],"both":[193],"an":[199],"accurate":[200],"level":[203],"users.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-30T09:15:22.047038","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
