{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2889009110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2867210","title":"Road Extraction From a High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Image Based on Richer Convolutional Features","display_name":"Road Extraction From a High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Image Based on Richer Convolutional Features","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2889009110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2867210","mag":"2889009110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2867210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2867210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2867210","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026100878","display_name":"Zhaoli Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-9107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoli Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-9107","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025493288","display_name":"Dongping Ming","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3422-7399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongping Ming","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3422-7399","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110585481","display_name":"Keqi Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keqi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021717988","display_name":"Ya Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9317-2471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082354263","display_name":"Tingting Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3140-5882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingting Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.8364,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97271223,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"46988","last_page":"47000"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8327531814575195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5911673903465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5476731657981873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.5141409039497375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5071148872375488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4802451431751251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.44701117277145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4329320192337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.42935577034950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.42699185013771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.42659032344818115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37791794538497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3580864667892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11092528700828552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.08956429362297058}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8327531814575195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5911673903465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5476731657981873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.5141409039497375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5071148872375488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4802451431751251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.44701117277145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4329320192337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.42935577034950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.42699185013771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.42659032344818115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37791794538497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3580864667892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11092528700828552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.08956429362297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2867210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2867210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fe8e4421da024432a63a2b31ec400bda","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fe8e4421da024432a63a2b31ec400bda","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 46988-47000 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2867210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2867210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5699498145","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB0503600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7849983119","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41671369","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":100,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73112891","https://openalex.org/W106532604","https://openalex.org/W845365781","https://openalex.org/W1519696843","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1974097572","https://openalex.org/W1979784968","https://openalex.org/W1984288883","https://openalex.org/W2012494417","https://openalex.org/W2012667110","https://openalex.org/W2015386604","https://openalex.org/W2020436006","https://openalex.org/W2027287150","https://openalex.org/W2031336317","https://openalex.org/W2045230662","https://openalex.org/W2061413575","https://openalex.org/W2066916495","https://openalex.org/W2067532478","https://openalex.org/W2075331531","https://openalex.org/W2078816540","https://openalex.org/W2082396838","https://openalex.org/W2085528185","https://openalex.org/W2086866337","https://openalex.org/W2098676252","https://openalex.org/W2102048636","https://openalex.org/W2123680957","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2143980080","https://openalex.org/W2155043259","https://openalex.org/W2163200524","https://openalex.org/W2166076837","https://openalex.org/W2166658286","https://openalex.org/W2167215479","https://openalex.org/W2241675565","https://openalex.org/W2246755545","https://openalex.org/W2248723555","https://openalex.org/W2253590344","https://openalex.org/W2270801692","https://openalex.org/W2314029052","https://openalex.org/W2314785379","https://openalex.org/W2342699585","https://openalex.org/W2344888645","https://openalex.org/W2363979732","https://openalex.org/W2366574160","https://openalex.org/W2373948652","https://openalex.org/W2379924784","https://openalex.org/W2394069542","https://openalex.org/W2394411959","https://openalex.org/W2412588858","https://openalex.org/W2416190443","https://openalex.org/W2519788000","https://openalex.org/W2522356675","https://openalex.org/W2532691318","https://openalex.org/W2546821789","https://openalex.org/W2547880720","https://openalex.org/W2560622558","https://openalex.org/W2567850185","https://openalex.org/W2571295082","https://openalex.org/W2593886839","https://openalex.org/W2598551616","https://openalex.org/W2605486153","https://openalex.org/W2616755213","https://openalex.org/W2620899671","https://openalex.org/W2623331213","https://openalex.org/W2764034829","https://openalex.org/W2765854028","https://openalex.org/W2774320778","https://openalex.org/W2782522152","https://openalex.org/W2791512129","https://openalex.org/W2891367133","https://openalex.org/W2913301180","https://openalex.org/W3098548497","https://openalex.org/W3105409087","https://openalex.org/W4241071816","https://openalex.org/W4385513770","https://openalex.org/W6602970364","https://openalex.org/W6604327090","https://openalex.org/W6623430341","https://openalex.org/W6631144339","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6645376503","https://openalex.org/W6645585100","https://openalex.org/W6653264106","https://openalex.org/W6658274709","https://openalex.org/W6669069198","https://openalex.org/W6670912297","https://openalex.org/W6681440604","https://openalex.org/W6682605965","https://openalex.org/W6684146927","https://openalex.org/W6684460011","https://openalex.org/W6684891839","https://openalex.org/W6726839451","https://openalex.org/W6728626652","https://openalex.org/W6730497930","https://openalex.org/W6748966406","https://openalex.org/W6754451415","https://openalex.org/W6987257432","https://openalex.org/W7020680850"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,112,144],"extraction":[1,68,102,124,136],"and":[2,21,82,139,160,219,233],"vectorization":[3],"of":[4,15,146,156,172,189,196,205],"roads":[5,52,79,108],"from":[6,55,175],"high":[7,181],"spatial":[8],"resolution":[9],"remote":[10],"sensing":[11],"(HSRRS)":[12],"images":[13,42],"are":[14,43,85,109,149,211],"great":[16],"significance":[17],"to":[18,34,87,93,167,179,185,213],"city":[19],"planning":[20],"development.":[22],"However,":[23],"significant":[24],"as":[25,70],"they":[26],"are,":[27],"it":[28,192],"is":[29,230],"usually":[30],"an":[31],"arduous":[32],"task":[33],"put":[35],"them":[36],"into":[37],"practice":[38],"because":[39],"the":[40,99,104,118,127,140,152,173,186,190,194,197,203,206,208,215,226,237],"HSRRS":[41],"often":[44],"filled":[45],"with":[46],"complex":[47],"ground":[48],"information.":[49,97,200],"Furthermore,":[50],"extracted":[51],"may":[53],"suffer":[54],"netsplit":[56],"or":[57],"brokenness.":[58],"This":[59],"paper":[60],"thus":[61],"proposes":[62],"Richer":[63],"convolutional":[64],"features":[65],"(RCFs)-based":[66],"road":[67,89,96,100,123,135,162,199,209],"(Road-RCF)":[69],"a":[71,169,176,180,224],"method":[72,120,229],"which":[73],"targets":[74],"these":[75],"issues.":[76],"A":[77],"modified":[78],"sample":[80],"set":[81],"RCF":[83],"network":[84,154],"applied":[86],"generate":[88],"probabilities":[90],"in":[91,132,165],"order":[92,166],"extract":[94],"initial":[95],"After":[98],"centerlines":[101,210],"by":[103],"refinement":[105],"algorithm,":[106],"vectorized":[107,212],"ultimately":[110],"extracted.":[111],"compared":[113],"experiment":[114],"results":[115,125],"show":[116],"that":[117],"Road-RCF":[119,228],"produce":[121],"better":[122],"than":[126],"other":[128],"four":[129],"state-of-the-art":[130],"methods,":[131],"both":[133,231],"quantitative":[134],"accuracy":[137],"metrics":[138],"qualitative":[141],"visual":[142],"evaluation.":[143],"benefits":[145],"this":[147],"model":[148],"threefold.":[150],"First,":[151],"image-to-image":[153],"structure":[155],"side-output":[157],"realizes":[158],"multi-scale":[159],"multi-level":[161],"feature":[163],"fusion":[164],"make":[168],"full":[170],"use":[171],"information":[174,217],"low":[177],"level":[178],"level.":[182],"Second,":[183],"according":[184],"deep":[187],"supervision":[188],"side-output,":[191],"guides":[193],"learning":[195],"correct":[198],"Third,":[201],"after":[202],"detection":[204],"road,":[207],"facilitate":[214],"attribute":[216],"management":[218],"electronic":[220],"map":[221],"production.":[222],"In":[223],"word,":[225],"proposed":[227],"practical":[232],"meaningful":[234],"toward":[235],"updating":[236],"geo-information":[238],"system":[239],"database.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}