{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2885176652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2861219","title":"An Accurate, Fast Approximation for the Sum of Fading Random Variables via Expectation Maximization Applications to Diversity Systems","display_name":"An Accurate, Fast Approximation for the Sum of Fading Random Variables via Expectation Maximization Applications to Diversity Systems","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2885176652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2861219","mag":"2885176652"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2861219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2861219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2861219","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006956168","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 David Vega S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3305-1109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70764802","display_name":"National Polytechnic School","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb99w41","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose David Vega Sanchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, Telecomunicaciones y Redes de Informaci\u00f3n, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3305-1109","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, Telecomunicaciones y Redes de Informaci\u00f3n, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017637092","display_name":"Luis Urquiza-Aguiar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6405-2067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70764802","display_name":"National Polytechnic School","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb99w41","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Urquiza-Aguiar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, Telecomunicaciones y Redes de Informaci\u00f3n, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6405-2067","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, Telecomunicaciones y Redes de Informaci\u00f3n, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001120412","display_name":"Martha Cecilia Paredes Paredes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5789-4568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70764802","display_name":"National Polytechnic School","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb99w41","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martha Cecilia Paredes Paredes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, Telecomunicaciones y Redes de Informaci\u00f3n, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5789-4568","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, Telecomunicaciones y Redes de Informaci\u00f3n, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.01,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77645596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"42616","last_page":"42630"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.7799745798110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nakagami-distribution","display_name":"Nakagami distribution","score":0.719719648361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-and-identically-distributed-random-variables","display_name":"Independent and identically distributed random variables","score":0.6753450632095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.6400302648544312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-form-expression","display_name":"Closed-form expression","score":0.5245623588562012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-variable","display_name":"Random variable","score":0.5224777460098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5122036337852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.49944233894348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.47800886631011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.4621250331401825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.45328855514526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3784855604171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2366073727607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.14768224954605103}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.7799745798110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115098869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3258347","display_name":"Nakagami distribution","level":4,"score":0.719719648361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141513077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378542","display_name":"Independent and identically distributed random variables","level":3,"score":0.6753450632095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.6400302648544312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4530962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777407","display_name":"Closed-form expression","level":2,"score":0.5245623588562012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.5224777460098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5122036337852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.49944233894348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.47800886631011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4621250331401825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.45328855514526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3784855604171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2366073727607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.14768224954605103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2861219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2861219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:353100e7009b4ea48e5fd02698712a5e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/353100e7009b4ea48e5fd02698712a5e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 42616-42630 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2861219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2861219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51088488","https://openalex.org/W604181985","https://openalex.org/W638596277","https://openalex.org/W1520536229","https://openalex.org/W1522045078","https://openalex.org/W1576718945","https://openalex.org/W1579271636","https://openalex.org/W1667165204","https://openalex.org/W1984731273","https://openalex.org/W1985093013","https://openalex.org/W1996103193","https://openalex.org/W1996160600","https://openalex.org/W2029948740","https://openalex.org/W2035452527","https://openalex.org/W2060477730","https://openalex.org/W2067997096","https://openalex.org/W2080584649","https://openalex.org/W2090969227","https://openalex.org/W2092226907","https://openalex.org/W2094380885","https://openalex.org/W2102041232","https://openalex.org/W2104963378","https://openalex.org/W2113369250","https://openalex.org/W2113867936","https://openalex.org/W2116840238","https://openalex.org/W2126072872","https://openalex.org/W2127095832","https://openalex.org/W2131642205","https://openalex.org/W2139235073","https://openalex.org/W2142513302","https://openalex.org/W2158714612","https://openalex.org/W2166689316","https://openalex.org/W2168847332","https://openalex.org/W2168990175","https://openalex.org/W2172015024","https://openalex.org/W2329095262","https://openalex.org/W2331688265","https://openalex.org/W2339891994","https://openalex.org/W2460152556","https://openalex.org/W2488678869","https://openalex.org/W2493309683","https://openalex.org/W2542594066","https://openalex.org/W2559887629","https://openalex.org/W2563427483","https://openalex.org/W2588083694","https://openalex.org/W2737648313","https://openalex.org/W2757356427","https://openalex.org/W2782728373","https://openalex.org/W2783653848","https://openalex.org/W2962809601","https://openalex.org/W3008609509","https://openalex.org/W4242292805","https://openalex.org/W4248752354","https://openalex.org/W4300223101"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2131642205","https://openalex.org/W1928392802","https://openalex.org/W1493318889","https://openalex.org/W2745390691","https://openalex.org/W2071610805","https://openalex.org/W2099851343","https://openalex.org/W2033579858","https://openalex.org/W2305055815","https://openalex.org/W2013740296","https://openalex.org/W2712846501"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sums":[0],"of":[1,33,44,72,77,98,138],"fading":[2],"envelopes":[3],"occur":[4],"in":[5,67,156],"several":[6],"wireless":[7],"communications":[8,73],"applications.":[9],"The":[10,41,62,103],"exact":[11,150],"mathematical":[12],"solution":[13,47],"to":[14,30,87,112,127],"this":[15,22],"statistic":[16],"is,":[17],"however,":[18],"rather":[19],"intricate.":[20],"In":[21],"paper,":[23],"we":[24,82],"derive":[25,88],"a":[26,58,89],"novel":[27],"closedform":[28],"approximation":[29,64],"the":[31,45,52,84,122,129,136,139,149,153,157],"sum":[32],"not":[34],"necessarily":[35],"identically":[36],"distributed":[37],"Nakagami-m":[38,59],"random":[39],"variables.":[40],"necessary":[42],"parameters":[43],"approximate":[46],"are":[48,106],"estimated":[49],"by":[50,144],"using":[51],"well-known":[53],"expectation":[54],"maximization":[55],"algorithm":[56],"with":[57],"mixture":[60],"model.":[61],"proposed":[63,85,140],"finds":[65],"applicability":[66],"obtaining":[68],"important":[69],"performance":[70,137],"metrics":[71],"systems":[74],"where":[75],"sums":[76],"variates":[78],"arise.":[79],"More":[80],"specifically,":[81],"apply":[83],"method":[86],"closed-form":[90,119],"expression":[91],"for":[92,121],"average":[93],"bit":[94],"error":[95],"probability":[96],"(ABEP)":[97],"multibranch":[99],"equal-gain":[100],"combining":[101],"receivers.":[102],"presented":[104],"models":[105],"general":[107],"and":[108,132,152],"can":[109],"be":[110],"applied":[111],"any":[113],"modulation":[114],"scheme.":[115],"Furthermore,":[116],"simplified":[117],"asymptotic":[118],"expressions":[120],"ABEP":[123],"have":[124],"been":[125],"derived":[126],"examine":[128],"achievable":[130],"diversity":[131],"coding":[133],"gains.":[134],"Finally,":[135],"approach":[141],"is":[142],"verified":[143],"comparing":[145],"itself":[146],"against":[147],"both":[148],"evaluation":[151],"previous":[154],"results":[155],"literature.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
