{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2884236118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2860633","title":"A New Motor Imagery EEG Classification Method FB-TRCSP+RF Based on CSP and Random Forest","display_name":"A New Motor Imagery EEG Classification Method FB-TRCSP+RF Based on CSP and Random Forest","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2884236118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2860633","mag":"2884236118"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2860633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2860633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2860633","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020238644","display_name":"Ranran Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5698-1950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ranran Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081688640","display_name":"Xiaoyan Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6320-4807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161528","display_name":"Qilu Hospital of Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/056ef9489","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161528"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nephrology, Shandong University, Jinan, China","Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100382302","display_name":"Zhi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7640-5982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7640-5982","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011249925","display_name":"Wei Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9312-6443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100621777","display_name":"Jianwen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6182-4025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianwen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022412546","display_name":"Yankun Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0636-5417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yankun Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023659596","display_name":"Jianmin Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4241-4626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161528","display_name":"Qilu Hospital of Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/056ef9489","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161528"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianmin Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrinology, Shandong University, Jinan, China","Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102021514","display_name":"Dongmei Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6238-8499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongmei Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101414718","display_name":"Lizhen Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8262-8883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lizhen Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.4863,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81113312,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"44944","last_page":"44950"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tikhonov-regularization","display_name":"Tikhonov regularization","score":0.8019053936004639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.7573920488357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7078475952148438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.7043637037277222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6174083352088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6129474639892578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5549792647361755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4672778844833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/band-pass-filter","display_name":"Band-pass filter","score":0.4350924491882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.41012120246887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3748255670070648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25511687994003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.22816526889801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-problem","display_name":"Inverse problem","score":0.1588982343673706}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152442038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2778212","display_name":"Tikhonov regularization","level":3,"score":0.8019053936004639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7573920488357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7078475952148438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7043637037277222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6174083352088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6129474639892578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5549792647361755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4672778844833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147788027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2718101","display_name":"Band-pass filter","level":2,"score":0.4350924491882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.41012120246887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3748255670070648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25511687994003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.22816526889801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135252773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567213","display_name":"Inverse problem","level":2,"score":0.1588982343673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2860633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2860633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:753acfc1ba77424bbcf60319a9bf7475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/753acfc1ba77424bbcf60319a9bf7475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 44944-44950 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2860633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2860633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3227586545","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017CXGC 1503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333596","funder_display_name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5776934685","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2012FZ005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7788193176","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR 2017ZB0420","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8072778700","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018GSF118228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333596","funder_display_name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333596","display_name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91663998","https://openalex.org/W1563853427","https://openalex.org/W2029410598","https://openalex.org/W2035820318","https://openalex.org/W2050440329","https://openalex.org/W2099741732","https://openalex.org/W2131321253","https://openalex.org/W2132360759","https://openalex.org/W2142280324","https://openalex.org/W2152119085","https://openalex.org/W2152863712","https://openalex.org/W2410264812","https://openalex.org/W2480645629","https://openalex.org/W2548472041","https://openalex.org/W2604572370","https://openalex.org/W2610854002","https://openalex.org/W2620208428","https://openalex.org/W2757951733","https://openalex.org/W2767782829","https://openalex.org/W2783339817","https://openalex.org/W2791830995","https://openalex.org/W2794345050","https://openalex.org/W4297798865","https://openalex.org/W6633541420","https://openalex.org/W6679555981"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2337734184","https://openalex.org/W2388364587","https://openalex.org/W2050033254","https://openalex.org/W2322955667","https://openalex.org/W2373176546","https://openalex.org/W2152224705","https://openalex.org/W2385735574","https://openalex.org/W2057439054","https://openalex.org/W2030398504","https://openalex.org/W4298516010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,35,56,85,99,113,125],"a":[2,73,100,148],"general":[3],"agreement":[4],"in":[5,30,151],"the":[6,12,17,50,60,88,93,108,111,128,136],"brain":[7],"computer":[8],"interface":[9],"community":[10],"that":[11,135],"feature":[13,103],"extracting":[14],"method":[15,75,105,130,137],"called":[16],"common":[18],"spatial":[19,54],"pattern":[20],"(CSP)":[21],"combined":[22,86],"with":[23,95,127],"nonlinear":[24],"classifiers":[25],"can":[26],"provide":[27],"excellent":[28],"results":[29,133],"some":[31],"cases.":[32],"However,":[33],"CSP":[34,79,94],"also":[36],"known":[37],"to":[38,42,46,59,107,115,155],"be":[39],"very":[40],"sensitive":[41],"noise":[43],"and":[44,49,80,92,124,146],"prone":[45],"over":[47],"fitting,":[48],"performance":[51],"of":[52,64],"this":[53,69],"filter":[55],"closely":[57],"related":[58],"operational":[61],"frequency":[62],"band":[63],"electroencephalogram":[65],"data.":[66],"To":[67],"address":[68],"issue,":[70],"we":[71,138],"propose":[72],"new":[74],"FB-TRCSP+RF":[76],"based":[77],"on":[78],"random":[81],"forest.":[82],"The":[83,132],"FB-TRCSP":[84],"by":[87],"8th-order":[89],"Butterworth":[90],"bandpass-filters":[91],"Tikhonov":[96],"regularization,":[97],"which":[98],"more":[101],"robust":[102],"extraction":[104],"compared":[106,126,154],"CSP.":[109],"Then,":[110],"model":[112],"applied":[114],"an":[116],"experimental":[117],"data":[118],"set":[119],"collected":[120],"from":[121],"14":[122],"subjects":[123],"non-regularization":[129],"FB-CSP+RF.":[131],"show":[134],"proposed":[139],"yields":[140],"relatively":[141],"higher":[142],"median":[143],"classification":[144],"accuracies":[145],"shows":[147],"stronger":[149],"ability":[150],"subject-to-subject":[152],"learning":[153],"prevailing":[156],"approaches.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2018-08-03T00:00:00"}