{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2859566721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2854842","title":"Spatio-Temporal Network Traffic Estimation and Anomaly Detection Based on Convolutional Neural Network in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks","display_name":"Spatio-Temporal Network Traffic Estimation and Anomaly Detection Based on Convolutional Neural Network in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2859566721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2854842","mag":"2859566721"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2854842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2854842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2854842","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089177690","display_name":"Laisen Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8813-7738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laisen Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8813-7738","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100727700","display_name":"Yongkang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-9857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongkang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030323127","display_name":"Xiangjie Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2698-3319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangjie Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2698-3319","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.7258,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96982466,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"40168","last_page":"40176"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8249866366386414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7616258859634399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6085047721862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5942608714103699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.5498974323272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.5070619583129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.49896717071533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.44313111901283264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.427276074886322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4252212941646576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.4166557192802429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4121726453304291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.37206462025642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08237487077713013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07715728878974915}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8249866366386414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7616258859634399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6085047721862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5942608714103699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.5498974323272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5070619583129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.49896717071533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.44313111901283264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.427276074886322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4252212941646576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.4166557192802429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4121726453304291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.37206462025642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08237487077713013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07715728878974915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2854842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2854842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:794f3ecd49f74e28b245066be6130421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/794f3ecd49f74e28b245066be6130421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 40168-40176 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2854842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2854842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1420888455","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018JQ6095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2014849919","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u6d4b\u91cf\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61701406","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3313532312","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3102017OQD022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3316990931","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701413","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965343849","https://openalex.org/W1976790773","https://openalex.org/W2009032852","https://openalex.org/W2020853859","https://openalex.org/W2086623401","https://openalex.org/W2119742497","https://openalex.org/W2127966682","https://openalex.org/W2133524609","https://openalex.org/W2140437701","https://openalex.org/W2165991108","https://openalex.org/W2178155017","https://openalex.org/W2183716218","https://openalex.org/W2204457080","https://openalex.org/W2327762824","https://openalex.org/W2344113672","https://openalex.org/W2344173564","https://openalex.org/W2519653196","https://openalex.org/W2591735613","https://openalex.org/W2594997153","https://openalex.org/W2595827050","https://openalex.org/W2603600199","https://openalex.org/W2604998834","https://openalex.org/W2606404574","https://openalex.org/W2613403349","https://openalex.org/W2625386759","https://openalex.org/W2766767083","https://openalex.org/W2770042378","https://openalex.org/W2770340697","https://openalex.org/W2775542991","https://openalex.org/W2798782069","https://openalex.org/W2802697544","https://openalex.org/W2906981918","https://openalex.org/W2914289538","https://openalex.org/W2949959302","https://openalex.org/W2952159320","https://openalex.org/W2964066803","https://openalex.org/W6652515261","https://openalex.org/W6686128141","https://openalex.org/W6734656249","https://openalex.org/W6734807845","https://openalex.org/W6757800832","https://openalex.org/W6758963803"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2806741695","https://openalex.org/W2027636740","https://openalex.org/W4290647774","https://openalex.org/W3189286258","https://openalex.org/W2062688728","https://openalex.org/W3207797160","https://openalex.org/W2061231656","https://openalex.org/W3210364259","https://openalex.org/W4300558037","https://openalex.org/W2667207928"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,30,38,52,69,103,107,113,127,145,154,157],"last":[2],"decade,":[3],"vehicular":[4],"ad-hoc":[5],"networks":[6],"(VANETs)":[7],"have":[8],"received":[9],"a":[10,47,66,122,131],"greater":[11],"attention":[12],"in":[13,21,34],"academia":[14],"and":[15,27,60,84],"industry":[16],"due":[17,50],"to":[18,29,36,51,77,101,137],"their":[19],"influence":[20],"intelligent":[22],"transportation":[23],"systems.":[24],"Providing":[25],"reliability":[26],"security":[28],"VANET":[31],"is":[32,75,92,99,118,135],"essential":[33],"order":[35],"guarantee":[37],"efficiency":[39],"of":[40,55,72,106,112,156],"its":[41],"applications.":[42],"Anomaly":[43],"detection":[44,90,160],"has":[45],"become":[46],"challenging":[48],"problem":[49],"unique":[53],"environment":[54],"VANETs":[56],"with":[57,148],"quick":[58],"movement":[59],"short-lived":[61],"link.":[62],"In":[63,110],"this":[64,86],"paper,":[65],"method":[67,134,147],"using":[68,121],"spatio-temporal":[70,104],"feature":[71],"network":[73,79,98,116],"traffic":[74,80,108,117],"proposed":[76,146,158],"implement":[78,138],"estimation":[81],"at":[82],"first,":[83],"on":[85],"basis,":[87],"an":[88],"anomaly":[89,139,159],"algorithm":[91],"put":[93],"forward.":[94],"The":[95,141],"convolutional":[96],"neural":[97],"employed":[100],"extract":[102],"features":[105],"matrix.":[109],"terms":[111],"extracted":[114],"features,":[115],"estimated":[119],"by":[120],"fully":[123],"connected":[124],"architecture":[125],"as":[126],"output":[128],"layer.":[129],"Then,":[130],"threshold-based":[132],"separation":[133],"used":[136],"detection.":[140],"preliminary":[142],"experiments":[143],"comparing":[144],"other":[149],"machine":[150],"learning-based":[151],"methods":[152],"show":[153],"effectiveness":[155],"method.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}