{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2509489558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2854307","title":"Spatial Separation of Closely-Located Users in Measured Massive MIMO Channels","display_name":"Spatial Separation of Closely-Located Users in Measured Massive MIMO Channels","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2509489558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2854307","mag":"2509489558"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2854307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2854307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2854307","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041400058","display_name":"Jose Flordelis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3952-4579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jose Flordelis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","Department of Electrical and Information Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002140807","display_name":"Fredrik Rusek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2077-3858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fredrik Rusek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","Department of Electrical and Information Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087243472","display_name":"Xiang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7047-0559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","Department of Electrical and Information Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016512605","display_name":"Ghassan Dahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9681-5655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9736820","display_name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure","ror":"https://ror.org/0020snb74","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghassan Dahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure, Montreal, QC, Canada","Department of Electrical and Information Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045195961","display_name":"Ove Edfors","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5966-8468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ove Edfors","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","Department of Electrical and Information Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073439066","display_name":"Fredrik Tufvesson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1072-0784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fredrik Tufvesson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","Department of Electrical and Information Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041400058"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00095078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"40253","last_page":"40266"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.8603000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.8603000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.06019999831914902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.04280000180006027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.9354091882705688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.8318939208984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7040895819664001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-multiplexing","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","score":0.6845144629478455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dirty-paper-coding","display_name":"Dirty paper coding","score":0.4902101159095764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-forcing-precoding","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","score":0.48133549094200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.47776639461517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-user-mimo","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","score":0.4762306809425354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4728260934352875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4676104784011841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4476550817489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3970355689525604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3926329016685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.37278300523757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14814239740371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09527513384819031}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.9354091882705688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.8318939208984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7040895819664001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574075","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.6845144629478455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780186295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305007","display_name":"Dirty paper coding","level":5,"score":0.4902101159095764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155437304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8069444","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","level":5,"score":0.48133549094200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.47776639461517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91330434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738298","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","level":4,"score":0.4762306809425354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4728260934352875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4676104784011841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4476550817489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3970355689525604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3926329016685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37278300523757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14814239740371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09527513384819031}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2854307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2854307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2c0b7850323e4420bc6e18e668137d87","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2c0b7850323e4420bc6e18e668137d87","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 40253-40266 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:7078f547-10fc-4f0f-a196-42faefe8bd29","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/7078f547-10fc-4f0f-a196-42faefe8bd29","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications; (2016)","raw_type":"contributiontojournal/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:82e55a25-787f-4b58-b8e5-724b47fe8725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/82e55a25-787f-4b58-b8e5-724b47fe8725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 2169-3536","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2854307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2854307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W602904462","https://openalex.org/W1518945650","https://openalex.org/W1532694363","https://openalex.org/W1683036431","https://openalex.org/W1855653084","https://openalex.org/W1971443733","https://openalex.org/W1972176711","https://openalex.org/W1974755392","https://openalex.org/W1974891392","https://openalex.org/W1976109068","https://openalex.org/W2006593332","https://openalex.org/W2037056881","https://openalex.org/W2037785632","https://openalex.org/W2038227506","https://openalex.org/W2039180706","https://openalex.org/W2052190282","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2072599023","https://openalex.org/W2090195299","https://openalex.org/W2103749601","https://openalex.org/W2103972037","https://openalex.org/W2104621895","https://openalex.org/W2106395604","https://openalex.org/W2112657180","https://openalex.org/W2124175354","https://openalex.org/W2124918853","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2130509920","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2145403270","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2151795416","https://openalex.org/W2161410889","https://openalex.org/W2539198515","https://openalex.org/W2562720508","https://openalex.org/W2568222406","https://openalex.org/W2569221055","https://openalex.org/W2584207567","https://openalex.org/W2594167756","https://openalex.org/W2605344455","https://openalex.org/W2963508491","https://openalex.org/W2988573017","https://openalex.org/W4210493863","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W6684765847","https://openalex.org/W6726137659"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2828634095","https://openalex.org/W2963936118","https://openalex.org/W2025183979","https://openalex.org/W2918291480","https://openalex.org/W2883645853","https://openalex.org/W2963369243","https://openalex.org/W2786024792","https://openalex.org/W2561590882","https://openalex.org/W1892892095","https://openalex.org/W2986712524","https://openalex.org/W2583072203","https://openalex.org/W2189110318","https://openalex.org/W3025827343","https://openalex.org/W2768824085","https://openalex.org/W3182015442","https://openalex.org/W2542286118","https://openalex.org/W2936768849","https://openalex.org/W2643502490","https://openalex.org/W2739040955","https://openalex.org/W2083013817"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"investigate":[1],"the":[2,67,79,82,86,90,122,155,171,192,197,210,217,229],"ability":[3],"of":[4,43,69,85,125,158,173,178,191,213],"Massive":[5,99],"multiple-input":[6],"multiple-output":[7],"(MIMO)":[8],"systems":[9],"to":[10,14,19,92,135,176,186,188,215,220],"spatially":[11,109],"separate":[12,110],"up":[13],"eighteen":[15],"users":[16,45,115,159,180],"located":[17],"close":[18],"one":[20],"another":[21],"in":[22,27,121,225],"line-of-sight":[23],"(LOS)":[24],"propagation":[25],"conditions,":[26],"both":[28],"indoor":[29],"and":[30,51,89,138,203],"outdoor":[31],"environments.":[32],"For":[33],"that,":[34],"we":[35,73],"use":[36,74],"fully-synchronous":[37],"measured":[38,224],"channels":[39,141],"at":[40,116,183],"2.6":[41],"GHz":[42],"single-antenna":[44],"moving":[46],"within":[47],"a":[48,55,61],"small":[49],"area":[50],"concurrently":[52],"communicating":[53],"with":[54,60,101,147,167],"base":[56],"station":[57],"(BS)":[58],"equipped":[59],"compact":[62],"128-port":[63],"array.":[64],"To":[65],"quantify":[66],"degree":[68],"spatial":[70,194],"user":[71],"separability,":[72],"three":[75,185],"scalar":[76],"metrics,":[77],"namely,":[78],"achievable":[80],"sum-rates,":[81,226],"condition":[83],"number":[84,157,177],"channel":[87],"matrix,":[88],"angle":[91],"interference":[93],"factor.":[94],"Our":[95,163],"results":[96],"show":[97],"that":[98,166,196],"MIMO":[100,150],"zero-forcing":[102],"(ZF)":[103],"or":[104,169],"regularized":[105],"ZF":[106,170],"(RZF)":[107],"can":[108,142,199],"nine,":[111],"even":[112,120],"eighteen,":[113],"concurrent":[114],"practical":[117],"SNR":[118],"values":[119],"challenging":[123],"case":[124],"dominant":[126],"LOS":[127],"propagation.":[128],"In":[129],"particular,":[130],"signal-to-noise":[131],"ratio":[132,172],"losses":[133],"relative":[134],"ideal":[136],"(non-interfering":[137],"equally":[139],"strong)":[140],"be":[143,182],"reduced":[144],"dramatically":[145],"compared":[146],"standard":[148],"multiuser":[149],"systems,":[151],"which":[152],"typically":[153],"have":[154],"same":[156],"as":[160],"BS":[161,174],"antennas.":[162],"findings":[164],"suggest":[165],"RZF":[168],"antennas":[175,214],"served":[179],"should":[181],"least":[184],"four,":[187],"harvest":[189],"most":[190],"available":[193],"gains":[195,205],"environment":[198],"offer.":[200],"Although":[201],"orthogonality":[202,230],"array":[204],"complement":[206],"each":[207],"other,":[208],"for":[209],"suggested":[211],"ratios":[212],"users,":[216],"main":[218],"contribution":[219],"improving":[221],"system":[222],"performance,":[223],"comes":[227],"from":[228],"gain.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T23:56:10.502304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}