{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2799062389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2850226","title":"Deep Learning Coordinated Beamforming for Highly-Mobile Millimeter Wave Systems","display_name":"Deep Learning Coordinated Beamforming for Highly-Mobile Millimeter Wave Systems","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2799062389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2850226","mag":"2799062389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2850226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2850226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2850226","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003243464","display_name":"Ahmed Alkhateeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5648-1569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Alkhateeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5648-1569","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006910436","display_name":"Sam Alex","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam Alex","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072133405","display_name":"Paul Varkey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Varkey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100414362","display_name":"Ying Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9604-2664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002331703","display_name":"Qi Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9515-7016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073346680","display_name":"D. Tujkovic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Djordje Tujkovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003243464"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.8327,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85967197,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"37328","last_page":"37348"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8764035701751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7471939325332642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6427929401397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6319965124130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6194881200790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.5353066921234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latency","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","score":0.5226673483848572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4676973819732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.39897459745407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3438115119934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23643463850021362}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8764035701751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7471939325332642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6427929401397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6319965124130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6194881200790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.5353066921234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.5226673483848572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4676973819732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.39897459745407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3438115119934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23643463850021362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2850226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2850226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1804.10334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1804.10334","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.10334","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2799062389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.10334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a4c83ae88e6942d6b7ab91ae4fd9f90a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a4c83ae88e6942d6b7ab91ae4fd9f90a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 37328-37348 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1804.10334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1804.10334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2850226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2850226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W948366128","https://openalex.org/W1483249443","https://openalex.org/W1499798684","https://openalex.org/W1532830794","https://openalex.org/W1764924767","https://openalex.org/W1953553238","https://openalex.org/W1966634179","https://openalex.org/W1991056455","https://openalex.org/W1999153524","https://openalex.org/W2009447832","https://openalex.org/W2023182510","https://openalex.org/W2024810275","https://openalex.org/W2029199316","https://openalex.org/W2034651337","https://openalex.org/W2045658304","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2056798980","https://openalex.org/W2060821616","https://openalex.org/W2075148031","https://openalex.org/W2092397817","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2103972037","https://openalex.org/W2104074482","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2166486216","https://openalex.org/W2189661557","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2339848418","https://openalex.org/W2368600038","https://openalex.org/W2467820804","https://openalex.org/W2509358755","https://openalex.org/W2509489695","https://openalex.org/W2538690469","https://openalex.org/W2559695533","https://openalex.org/W2577263227","https://openalex.org/W2585188689","https://openalex.org/W2587025426","https://openalex.org/W2593251263","https://openalex.org/W2601905653","https://openalex.org/W2614851539","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W2962785465","https://openalex.org/W2962819920","https://openalex.org/W2963099529","https://openalex.org/W2963706687","https://openalex.org/W2963868195","https://openalex.org/W3103325464","https://openalex.org/W4254301692","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6675621126","https://openalex.org/W6713134421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963648888","https://openalex.org/W3132462420","https://openalex.org/W2901657287","https://openalex.org/W2996787524","https://openalex.org/W2414413313","https://openalex.org/W2977988092","https://openalex.org/W2915274585","https://openalex.org/W3170038472","https://openalex.org/W2729225510","https://openalex.org/W3104382664","https://openalex.org/W2890553849","https://openalex.org/W3117341840","https://openalex.org/W3011249352","https://openalex.org/W2226991073","https://openalex.org/W2887976451","https://openalex.org/W3004851612","https://openalex.org/W2950288509","https://openalex.org/W3099064609","https://openalex.org/W3122864568","https://openalex.org/W2963865852"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Supporting":[0],"high":[1],"mobility":[2],"in":[3,25,58,85,287],"millimeter":[4],"wave":[5],"(mmWave)":[6],"systems":[7,90],"enables":[8],"a":[9,107,131,140,174,197,218],"wide":[10],"range":[11],"of":[12,35,41,52,100,133,255],"important":[13],"applications,":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16],"vehicular":[17],"communications":[18],"and":[19,38,50,76,112,122,232],"wireless":[20],"virtual/augmented":[21],"reality.":[22],"Realizing":[23],"this":[24,105],"practice,":[26],"though,":[27],"requires":[28,91],"overcoming":[29],"several":[30],"challenges.":[31],"First,":[32],"the":[33,39,48,81,98,128,161,180,189,210,214,245,252,256,261,274,278],"use":[34,205],"narrow":[36],"beams":[37],"sensitivity":[40],"mmWave":[42,60,89,125,225],"signals":[43,172],"to":[44,63,118,147,204,208],"blockage":[45],"greatly":[46],"impact":[47],"coverage":[49],"reliability":[51],"highly-mobile":[53,56,124],"links.":[54],"Second,":[55],"users":[57],"dense":[59],"deployments":[61],"need":[62],"frequently":[64],"hand-off":[65],"between":[66],"base":[67],"stations":[68],"(BSs),":[69],"which":[70,95],"is":[71,116],"associated":[72],"with":[73,188,227,265,270],"critical":[74],"control":[75],"latency":[77],"overhead.":[78,235,268],"Furthermore,":[79],"identifying":[80],"optimal":[82,262],"beamforming":[83,114,211,249,263,272],"vectors":[84,212,264],"large":[86],"antenna":[87],"array":[88],"considerable":[92],"training":[93,152,234,267],"overhead,":[94],"significantly":[96],"affects":[97],"efficiency":[99],"these":[101,120,206],"mobile":[102,141,224],"systems.":[103],"In":[104,127],"paper,":[106],"novel":[108],"integrated":[109],"machine":[110],"learning":[111,199],"coordinated":[113,248],"solution":[115,194,220,258],"developed":[117,193],"overcome":[119],"challenges":[121],"enable":[123],"applications.":[126],"proposed":[129,246,279],"solution,":[130],"number":[132],"distributed":[134],"yet":[135],"coordinating":[136,162],"BSs":[137,163],"simultaneously":[138],"serve":[139],"user.":[142],"This":[143,216],"user":[144,181],"ideally":[145],"needs":[146],"transmit":[148],"only":[149,178],"one":[150],"uplink":[151],"pilot":[153],"sequence":[154],"that":[155,201,221,244,259,277],"will":[156],"be":[157],"jointly":[158],"received":[159,171],"at":[160,213],"using":[164],"omni":[165],"or":[166],"quasi-omni":[167],"beam":[168],"patterns.":[169],"These":[170],"draw":[173],"defining":[175],"signature":[176],"not":[177],"for":[179,185],"location,":[182],"but":[183],"also":[184],"its":[186],"interaction":[187],"surrounding":[190],"environment.":[191],"The":[192],"then":[195],"leverages":[196],"deep":[198,280],"model":[200],"learns":[202],"how":[203],"signatures":[207],"predict":[209],"BSs.":[215],"renders":[217],"comprehensive":[219],"supports":[222],"highly":[223],"applications":[226],"reliable":[228],"coverage,":[229],"low":[230],"latency,":[231],"negligible":[233],"Extensive":[236],"simulation":[237],"results":[238,275],"based":[239],"on":[240],"accurate":[241],"ray-tracing,":[242],"show":[243,276],"deep-learning":[247],"strategy":[250,282],"approaches":[251],"achievable":[253],"rate":[254],"genie-aided":[257],"knows":[260],"no":[266],"Compared":[269],"traditional":[271],"solutions,":[273],"learning-based":[281],"attains":[283],"higher":[284],"rates,":[285],"especially":[286],"high-mobility":[288],"large-array":[289],"regimes.":[290]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}