{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2809017431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2849411","title":"Multiyear Load Growth Based Techno-Financial Evaluation of a Microgrid for an Academic Institution","display_name":"Multiyear Load Growth Based Techno-Financial Evaluation of a Microgrid for an Academic Institution","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2809017431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2849411","mag":"2809017431"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2849411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2849411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2849411","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100713028","display_name":"Abhishek Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2424-2445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhishek Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2424-2445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028452417","display_name":"Arvind R. Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8197-8232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arvind R. Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8197-8232","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086546519","display_name":"Yan Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3200-0366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082049172","display_name":"Xiangning He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0953-0097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangning He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062119928","display_name":"Praveen Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9187-7857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317621060","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati","ror":"https://ror.org/0022nd079","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Praveen Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044583088","display_name":"Ramesh C. Bansal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1725-2648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramesh C. Bansal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2616,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77810362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"37533","last_page":"37555"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11336","display_name":"Energy and Environment Impacts","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11336","display_name":"Energy and Environment Impacts","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.8103892803192139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.6865537762641907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.6264833211898804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.5378775596618652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4657267928123474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46345919370651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fossil-fuel","display_name":"Fossil fuel","score":0.44069093465805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backup","display_name":"Backup","score":0.4216678738594055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.41321098804473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20589259266853333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management","display_name":"Waste management","score":0.17102456092834473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14563560485839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.14485466480255127}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.8103892803192139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6865537762641907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.6264833211898804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.5378775596618652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4657267928123474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46345919370651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68189081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748","display_name":"Fossil fuel","level":2,"score":0.44069093465805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780945871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194274","display_name":"Backup","level":2,"score":0.4216678738594055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.41321098804473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20589259266853333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.17102456092834473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14563560485839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.14485466480255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2849411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2849411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:78fbd3c5a90e49beab37e8034a7af37f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/78fbd3c5a90e49beab37e8034a7af37f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 37533-37555 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/67277","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2263/67277","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401870","display_name":"UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","host_organization_name":"University of Pretoria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2849411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2849411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":100,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W252976848","https://openalex.org/W927509525","https://openalex.org/W1096666176","https://openalex.org/W1750298064","https://openalex.org/W1895673162","https://openalex.org/W1930592646","https://openalex.org/W1936773340","https://openalex.org/W1964919311","https://openalex.org/W1966181069","https://openalex.org/W1971949497","https://openalex.org/W1973878823","https://openalex.org/W1979764357","https://openalex.org/W1981579042","https://openalex.org/W1985216766","https://openalex.org/W1985702950","https://openalex.org/W1986940811","https://openalex.org/W1995106492","https://openalex.org/W1999295360","https://openalex.org/W2003917162","https://openalex.org/W2003948968","https://openalex.org/W2012572754","https://openalex.org/W2018108612","https://openalex.org/W2018851342","https://openalex.org/W2019364097","https://openalex.org/W2026880202","https://openalex.org/W2026984942","https://openalex.org/W2029122154","https://openalex.org/W2045268559","https://openalex.org/W2049124416","https://openalex.org/W2049335833","https://openalex.org/W2049853343","https://openalex.org/W2055732236","https://openalex.org/W2064047220","https://openalex.org/W2069441907","https://openalex.org/W2070769538","https://openalex.org/W2079615440","https://openalex.org/W2082329117","https://openalex.org/W2082660736","https://openalex.org/W2087854999","https://openalex.org/W2104420712","https://openalex.org/W2125746329","https://openalex.org/W2128744222","https://openalex.org/W2130940199","https://openalex.org/W2135022504","https://openalex.org/W2159088483","https://openalex.org/W2176692953","https://openalex.org/W2190131986","https://openalex.org/W2195841767","https://openalex.org/W2196188887","https://openalex.org/W2205922046","https://openalex.org/W2239982491","https://openalex.org/W2258460190","https://openalex.org/W2262095554","https://openalex.org/W2275122937","https://openalex.org/W2290113474","https://openalex.org/W2290819505","https://openalex.org/W2292407949","https://openalex.org/W2308998347","https://openalex.org/W2346114503","https://openalex.org/W2404205955","https://openalex.org/W2412125871","https://openalex.org/W2419197513","https://openalex.org/W2470859544","https://openalex.org/W2479131772","https://openalex.org/W2479659029","https://openalex.org/W2501341348","https://openalex.org/W2511285676","https://openalex.org/W2513341630","https://openalex.org/W2524605109","https://openalex.org/W2537667642","https://openalex.org/W2550227226","https://openalex.org/W2550607894","https://openalex.org/W2554959521","https://openalex.org/W2556338575","https://openalex.org/W2556563415","https://openalex.org/W2556796433","https://openalex.org/W2570051910","https://openalex.org/W2570874873","https://openalex.org/W2571238732","https://openalex.org/W2583775881","https://openalex.org/W2586355586","https://openalex.org/W2592153116","https://openalex.org/W2593880543","https://openalex.org/W2595016046","https://openalex.org/W2595560633","https://openalex.org/W2604519671","https://openalex.org/W2605152821","https://openalex.org/W2605685892","https://openalex.org/W2610290995","https://openalex.org/W2610804241","https://openalex.org/W2611512373","https://openalex.org/W2612156590","https://openalex.org/W2614316767","https://openalex.org/W2616800503","https://openalex.org/W2618541121","https://openalex.org/W2619235732","https://openalex.org/W2621391066","https://openalex.org/W2738620288","https://openalex.org/W2751865361","https://openalex.org/W3216928223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210780382","https://openalex.org/W2057975886","https://openalex.org/W4308700935","https://openalex.org/W1574359403","https://openalex.org/W2356033827","https://openalex.org/W2391138633","https://openalex.org/W4206134051","https://openalex.org/W2907234787","https://openalex.org/W4285503559","https://openalex.org/W4383747562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"escalating":[1],"energy":[2,17,23,40,48,71,126,146,203],"demand":[3,41,137],"can":[4],"be":[5],"seen":[6],"especially":[7],"in":[8,60,85,171,209,227,237,241,254,269,284],"developing":[9],"and":[10,31,142,157,173,191],"fast-growing":[11],"economies":[12],"such":[13,86,148],"as":[14,149,161,169,248],"India.":[15],"Conventional":[16],"resources":[18,127],"meet":[19,38,74],"most":[20,82,221],"of":[21,28,46,80,95,145,178,222,244,265,271],"the":[22,32,39,44,53,81,90,96,201,223,229,238,242],"demand.":[24,77],"The":[25,213,231,257],"alarming":[26],"issue":[27],"global":[29],"warming":[30],"dependency":[33],"on":[34],"fossil":[35],"fuels":[36],"to":[37,65,73,103,109,199,246,252,281,286,289],"has":[42],"motivated":[43],"use":[45],"clean":[47],"sources.":[49],"In":[50,116],"this":[51,117],"context,":[52],"educational":[54],"institutions":[55,88],"with":[56,167,194,250],"high":[57,236],"electricity":[58,76,224,266],"consumption":[59],"India":[61],"have":[62,163],"been":[63,164],"planning":[64],"opt":[66],"for":[67,128,188,292],"locally":[68,124],"available":[69,125],"renewable":[70,232],"sources":[72],"their":[75,100],"Even":[78],"one":[79],"crucial":[83],"issues":[84],"academic":[87],"is":[89,138,186,206,234,267],"food":[91,101,152],"waste":[92,153],"management.":[93],"Most":[94],"institutes,":[97],"give":[98],"up":[99],"wastage":[102],"piggeries":[104],"which":[105,205],"are":[106],"directly":[107],"fed":[108],"animals":[110],"or":[111,113],"discarded":[112],"dumped":[114],"irrationally.":[115],"paper,":[118],"an":[119],"optimal":[120,202],"microgrid":[121],"solution":[122],"using":[123],"a":[129,158,195],"real":[130,135],"physical":[131],"location":[132],"considering":[133],"its":[134],"time-power":[136],"proposed.":[139],"Various":[140],"scenarios":[141],"different":[143],"combinations":[144],"sources,":[147],"solar":[150],"photovoltaic,":[151],"based":[154],"biogas":[155],"plant,":[156],"diesel":[159],"generator":[160],"backup":[162],"considered":[165],"along":[166],"batteries":[168],"storage":[170],"off-grid":[172,239,293],"grid-connected":[174,255,272],"systems.":[175,256,294],"Hybrid":[176],"optimization":[177],"multiple":[179],"electric":[180],"renewables":[181],"(HOMER)":[182],"PRO":[183],"software":[184],"package":[185],"utilized":[187],"detailed":[189,214],"technical":[190],"financial":[192],"analysis":[193,215],"multiyear":[196],"growth":[197],"approach":[198],"determine":[200],"system,":[204],"unlikely":[207],"observed":[208],"literature":[210],"so":[211],"far.":[212],"results":[216,258],"illustrate":[217],"that":[218,262],"photovoltaic":[219],"contributes":[220],"being":[225],"generated":[226],"all":[228],"scenarios.":[230],"fraction":[233],"comparatively":[235],"system":[240],"range":[243],"92%":[245],"100%":[247],"compared":[249],"63%":[251],"80%":[253],"obtained":[259],"also":[260],"show":[261],"levelized":[263],"cost":[264],"low":[268],"case":[270],"systems":[273],"varying":[274],"between":[275],"0.18":[276],"Indian":[277],"National":[278],"Rupee":[279],"(INR)/kWh":[280],"1.39":[282],"INR/kWh":[283,288,291],"contrast":[285],"11.96":[287],"18.47":[290]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
