{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2805606562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2844861","title":"Automatic Retinal Vessel Segmentation via Deeply Supervised and Smoothly Regularized Network","display_name":"Automatic Retinal Vessel Segmentation via Deeply Supervised and Smoothly Regularized Network","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2805606562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2844861","mag":"2805606562"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2844861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2844861","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08374823.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08374823.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066617875","display_name":"Yi Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7194-5023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100626771","display_name":"Honggang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8287-6783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honggang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8287-6783","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070181068","display_name":"Guang Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0030-9003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.2057,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9632337,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"57717","last_page":"57724"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12599","display_name":"Retinal and Optic Conditions","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.8239266276359558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7843427658081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7734936475753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6659411191940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.6145613789558411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.614385187625885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5560930967330933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5057809352874756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-space-segmentation","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","score":0.4441124498844147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.42747047543525696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.4263148307800293}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.8239266276359558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7843427658081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7734936475753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6659411191940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6145613789558411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.614385187625885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5560930967330933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5057809352874756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.4441124498844147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.42747047543525696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.4263148307800293}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2844861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2844861","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08374823.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1123d8f16abc452a836cf2f60d8ee614","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1123d8f16abc452a836cf2f60d8ee614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 57717-57724 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2844861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2844861","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08374823.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3436910549","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z181100001918005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2805606562.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2805606562.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W845365781","https://openalex.org/W1565009360","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1995904975","https://openalex.org/W2010965043","https://openalex.org/W2018593404","https://openalex.org/W2024712120","https://openalex.org/W2030756257","https://openalex.org/W2033723371","https://openalex.org/W2034513030","https://openalex.org/W2044880603","https://openalex.org/W2051578148","https://openalex.org/W2071730188","https://openalex.org/W2072130234","https://openalex.org/W2095844239","https://openalex.org/W2098158945","https://openalex.org/W2100756624","https://openalex.org/W2105685332","https://openalex.org/W2105839704","https://openalex.org/W2107871626","https://openalex.org/W2109037308","https://openalex.org/W2115680416","https://openalex.org/W2116628223","https://openalex.org/W2124141313","https://openalex.org/W2124592697","https://openalex.org/W2132519114","https://openalex.org/W2145305441","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2150769593","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2161236525","https://openalex.org/W2163344010","https://openalex.org/W2166524747","https://openalex.org/W2170092083","https://openalex.org/W2327793514","https://openalex.org/W2433259561","https://openalex.org/W2952793010","https://openalex.org/W6674793120","https://openalex.org/W6682082992"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2185902295","https://openalex.org/W2103507220","https://openalex.org/W3144569342","https://openalex.org/W4313052709","https://openalex.org/W2945274617","https://openalex.org/W2022929107","https://openalex.org/W2055202857","https://openalex.org/W1999008862","https://openalex.org/W4205800335","https://openalex.org/W2758994127"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,49],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"retinal":[3,21,56],"vessel":[4,22,57,128],"segmentation":[5,23,58,129],"technology":[6],"has":[7],"become":[8],"an":[9,54,82],"important":[10],"component":[11],"for":[12],"disease":[13],"screening":[14],"and":[15,40,42,47,63,72,84,96,137],"diagnosing":[16],"in":[17],"clinical":[18],"medicine.":[19],"However,":[20],"is":[24,81,102],"a":[25,105],"challenging":[26],"task":[27],"due":[28],"to":[29],"complex":[30],"distribution":[31],"of":[32,45],"blood":[33],"vessels,":[34],"relatively":[35],"low":[36],"contrast":[37],"between":[38,110],"target":[39],"background,":[41],"potential":[43],"presence":[44],"illumination":[46],"pathologies.":[48],"this":[50],"paper,":[51],"we":[52,119],"propose":[53],"automatic":[55],"network":[59],"using":[60],"deep":[61,86],"supervision":[62],"smoothness":[64,74],"regularization,":[65],"which":[66],"integrates":[67],"holistically-nested":[68],"edge":[69],"detector":[70],"(HED)":[71],"global":[73],"regularization":[75],"from":[76],"conditional":[77],"random":[78],"fields.":[79],"It":[80],"end-to-end":[83],"pixel-to-pixel":[85],"convolutional":[87],"network,":[88],"can":[89],"perform":[90],"better":[91,116],"results":[92],"than":[93],"HED-based":[94],"methods":[95,98],"the":[97,112,126],"where":[99],"CRF":[100],"inference":[101],"applied":[103],"as":[104],"post-processing":[106],"method.":[107],"With":[108],"co-constraints":[109],"pixels,":[111],"proposed":[113,123],"DSSRN":[114],"obtains":[115,125],"results.":[117],"Finally,":[118],"show":[120],"that":[121],"our":[122],"method":[124],"state-of-the-art":[127],"performance":[130],"on":[131],"all":[132],"three":[133],"benchmarks,":[134],"DRIVE,":[135],"STARE,":[136],"CHASE_DB1.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}