{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2803831388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2840535","title":"Maximizing Throughput of Hybrid FSO-RF Communication System: An Algorithm","display_name":"Maximizing Throughput of Hybrid FSO-RF Communication System: An Algorithm","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2803831388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2840535","mag":"2803831388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2840535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2840535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2840535","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074368126","display_name":"Muhammad Nasir Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1416-4199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Nasir Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Robotics and AI, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1416-4199","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Robotics and AI, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086633811","display_name":"Syed Omer Gilani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5654-7863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Omer Gilani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Robotics and AI, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Robotics and AI, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025093120","display_name":"Mohsin Jamil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8835-2451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsin Jamil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Robotics and AI, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8835-2451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Robotics and AI, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Abdul Rafay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8319-9577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Rafay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Robotics and AI, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8319-9577","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Robotics and AI, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049738069","display_name":"Qasim Awais","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2705-0799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qasim Awais","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034962640","display_name":"Bilal A. Khawaja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1537-5502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151290","display_name":"Islamic University of Madinah","ror":"https://ror.org/03rcp1y74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bilal A. Khawaja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Medina, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Medina, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100737237","display_name":"Muhammad Uzair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1063-9476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151290","display_name":"Islamic University of Madinah","ror":"https://ror.org/03rcp1y74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Uzair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Medina, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Medina, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103803362","display_name":"Abdul Waheed Malik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Waheed Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.6663,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93575686,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"30039","last_page":"30048"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7477229833602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/puncturing","display_name":"Puncturing","score":0.735419750213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.630084753036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.5748059749603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5334962010383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5195941925048828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5153719782829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.512397825717926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.5106332898139954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.4840502142906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4745652973651886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space-optical-communication","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","score":0.4545355439186096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.42278391122817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-capacity","display_name":"Channel capacity","score":0.4197571277618408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband","display_name":"Broadband","score":0.4130192995071411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3663473129272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.3478938341140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.28279387950897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2366807460784912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.1667661964893341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10448548197746277}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7477229833602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778808095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3899825","display_name":"Puncturing","level":2,"score":0.735419750213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.630084753036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.5748059749603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5334962010383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5195941925048828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5153719782829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.512397825717926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.5106332898139954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.4840502142906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4745652973651886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.4545355439186096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.42278391122817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97744766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870845","display_name":"Channel capacity","level":3,"score":0.4197571277618408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.4130192995071411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3663473129272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.3478938341140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.28279387950897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2366807460784912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.1667661964893341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10448548197746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2840535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2840535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8cf6313d7837451b938f7b5efe3e9a8a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8cf6313d7837451b938f7b5efe3e9a8a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 30039-30048 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2840535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2840535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51541605","https://openalex.org/W1533309263","https://openalex.org/W1556909464","https://openalex.org/W1598846632","https://openalex.org/W1795340666","https://openalex.org/W1982892759","https://openalex.org/W1989008275","https://openalex.org/W1998311240","https://openalex.org/W2022390106","https://openalex.org/W2039183034","https://openalex.org/W2050740920","https://openalex.org/W2053933708","https://openalex.org/W2066334896","https://openalex.org/W2075678675","https://openalex.org/W2104918378","https://openalex.org/W2119763271","https://openalex.org/W2137813581","https://openalex.org/W2142901448","https://openalex.org/W2144986171","https://openalex.org/W2160390925","https://openalex.org/W2298137878","https://openalex.org/W2330897885","https://openalex.org/W2351909611","https://openalex.org/W2507937507","https://openalex.org/W2561762837","https://openalex.org/W2726806793","https://openalex.org/W2726850864","https://openalex.org/W2734492726","https://openalex.org/W2736189580","https://openalex.org/W2788627115","https://openalex.org/W2964143436","https://openalex.org/W3105715579","https://openalex.org/W6635958754"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133440869","https://openalex.org/W2152494507","https://openalex.org/W2088497038","https://openalex.org/W2538326137","https://openalex.org/W1627814422","https://openalex.org/W2015836187","https://openalex.org/W2242182868","https://openalex.org/W2001881550","https://openalex.org/W4307466823","https://openalex.org/W4323644463"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electromagnetic":[0],"spectrum":[1],"is":[2,21,68,99,113,131,180],"too":[3],"cluttered":[4],"to":[5,55,72,101,167],"add":[6],"additional":[7],"broadband":[8,91],"channels":[9],"of":[10,23,45,80,89,122,165],"high":[11,41],"data":[12,42],"rate":[13],"and":[14,34,40,63,84,136,160,196],"bandwidth.":[15],"Free":[16],"space":[17],"optical":[18,27],"(FSO)":[19],"communication":[20,29,82,97,129,186],"one":[22],"the":[24,49,86,103,116,123,134,152,171,176,184],"most":[25],"dominant":[26],"wireless":[28],"systems,":[30],"which":[31],"provides":[32],"huge":[33],"licensed":[35],"free":[36],"spectrum,":[37],"non-interfering":[38],"link,":[39],"rate.":[43],"Despite":[44],"having":[46],"above-mentioned":[47],"advantages,":[48],"FSO":[50],"links":[51],"are":[52],"very":[53],"sensitive":[54],"bad":[56],"weather":[57,146,158,207],"conditions":[58,159],"(i.e.,":[59],"fog,":[60],"snow,":[61],"dust,":[62],"their":[64],"combination).":[65],"Therefore,":[66],"there":[67],"a":[69,74,162],"dire":[70],"requirement":[71],"develop":[73],"system":[75,83,98,130,187],"that":[76,151,183],"can":[77],"overcome":[78],"issues":[79],"individual":[81,104],"adjust":[85],"current":[87],"demand":[88],"new":[90],"channels.":[92],"Adaptive":[93],"FSO-radio":[94],"frequency":[95],"(RF)":[96],"proposed":[100,124],"tackle":[102],"channel":[105],"issues.":[106],"A":[107],"novel":[108],"throughput":[109],"maximization":[110],"algorithm":[111,125],"(TMA)":[112],"developed":[114],"for":[115,126,193,200],"adaptive":[117,127],"hybrid":[118,128],"FSO-RF":[119],"channel.":[120],"Performance":[121],"analyzed":[132],"considering":[133,170],"regular":[135],"right-regular":[137,172],"low":[138],"density":[139],"parity":[140],"check":[141],"(LDPC)":[142],"code":[143],"under":[144,156],"various":[145],"conditions.":[147,208],"Simulation":[148],"results":[149],"show":[150],"TMA":[153],"performs":[154],"well":[155],"all":[157],"gives":[161],"performance":[163],"gain":[164],"up":[166],"2.25":[168],"dB":[169],"LDPC":[173],"code.":[174],"From":[175],"presented":[177],"results,":[178],"it":[179],"also":[181],"seen":[182],"suggested":[185],"optimizes":[188],"mapping":[189],"schemes,":[190],"bit":[191],"proportions":[192],"each":[194],"channel,":[195],"puncturing":[197],"ratios":[198],"adaptively":[199],"different":[201],"degree":[202],"variable":[203],"nodes":[204],"in":[205],"worst":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}