{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2804784893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2840218","title":"Dense and Tight Detection of Chinese Characters in Historical Documents: Datasets and a Recognition Guided Detector","display_name":"Dense and Tight Detection of Chinese Characters in Historical Documents: Datasets and a Recognition Guided Detector","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2804784893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2840218","mag":"2804784893"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2840218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2840218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2840218","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007448173","display_name":"Hailin Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hailin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080674767","display_name":"Lianwen Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5456-0957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianwen Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072145928","display_name":"Weiguo Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6734-2019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiguo Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101742899","display_name":"Zhaoyang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8332-1800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060021391","display_name":"Songxuan Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0009-0566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songxuan Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100995089","display_name":"Jifeng Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jifeng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007448173"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.8802,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89690251,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"30174","last_page":"30183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8254395723342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6664764285087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.6553818583488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.6263737082481384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6131802201271057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.6015720367431641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.59918212890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.5799596905708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5689928531646729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5294254422187805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-detection","display_name":"Text detection","score":0.4809776544570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.44359925389289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-characters","display_name":"Chinese characters","score":0.4282633066177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34794875979423523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.30050739645957947}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8254395723342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6664764285087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6553818583488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6263737082481384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6131802201271057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.6015720367431641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.59918212890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.5799596905708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5689928531646729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5294254422187805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983589003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Text detection","level":3,"score":0.4809776544570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.44359925389289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781051154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201","display_name":"Chinese characters","level":2,"score":0.4282633066177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34794875979423523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30050739645957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2840218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2840218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:68ec3aa9868841abb930e3d53506720b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/68ec3aa9868841abb930e3d53506720b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 30174-30183 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2840218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2840218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G151301256","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017A030312006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1611959150","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771199","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G460424835","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015B010101004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6754685386","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61673182","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6812122630","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61472144","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7953346857","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0 2016YFB1001405","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7746136","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W654550266","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1986205833","https://openalex.org/W2017690106","https://openalex.org/W2018493700","https://openalex.org/W2037227137","https://openalex.org/W2040763506","https://openalex.org/W2041984221","https://openalex.org/W2088049833","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2108739450","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2122585011","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2255466643","https://openalex.org/W2339589954","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2423983131","https://openalex.org/W2550687635","https://openalex.org/W2565262489","https://openalex.org/W2592175858","https://openalex.org/W2604243686","https://openalex.org/W2605076167","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2751748110","https://openalex.org/W2768012587","https://openalex.org/W2769851275","https://openalex.org/W2950800384","https://openalex.org/W2962773189","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963836589","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6660993341","https://openalex.org/W6714138976","https://openalex.org/W6729791593","https://openalex.org/W6785652829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4295532600","https://openalex.org/W2063823869","https://openalex.org/W2047973478","https://openalex.org/W3121246613","https://openalex.org/W2067569035","https://openalex.org/W2090985514","https://openalex.org/W3166204570","https://openalex.org/W2132137594","https://openalex.org/W4321784794","https://openalex.org/W2044181395"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Characters":[0],"in":[1,43,109,116,129,150],"historical":[2,44],"documents":[3],"are":[4,9,119,188],"typically":[5],"densely":[6],"distributed":[7],"and":[8,13,20,69,86,105,182],"difficult":[10],"to":[11,77,177],"localize":[12,78],"segment":[14],"by":[15,136],"directly":[16],"applying":[17],"classic":[18],"proposal":[19,60],"regression":[21],"based":[22],"methods.":[23,185],"In":[24],"this":[25,75],"paper,":[26],"we":[27,91],"propose":[28],"a":[29,57,70,137,142,155,163],"novel":[30],"method":[31,153],"called":[32],"recognition":[33,58,139],"guided":[34,59,135],"detector":[35],"(RGD)":[36],"that":[37,62,73],"achieves":[38,154],"tight":[39],"Chinese":[40],"character":[41,102],"detection":[42,71,148,181,184],"documents.":[45],"The":[46,114,186],"proposed":[47,89,152],"RGD":[48],"consists":[49],"of":[50,66,80,111,127,145,168,170],"two":[51,93],"simultaneously":[52],"trained":[53],"convolutional":[54],"neural":[55],"networks:":[56],"network":[61,72,140,149],"provides":[63],"context":[64],"information":[65,76],"the":[67,81,88,112,147],"text":[68,138,183],"applies":[74],"each":[79,110],"characters":[82,108],"accurately.":[83],"To":[84],"train":[85],"test":[87,143],"method,":[90],"established":[92],"new":[94],"datasets":[95,118,187],"with":[96,141,159],"character-level":[97],"annotations,":[98],"comprising":[99],"ground":[100,106],"truth":[101,107],"bounding":[103],"boxes":[104],"boxes.":[113],"data":[115],"our":[117,151],"scanned":[120],"images":[121],"collected":[122],"from":[123],"nine":[124],"different":[125],"versions":[126],"Tripitaka":[128],"Han.":[130],"Experimental":[131],"results":[132],"show":[133],"that,":[134],"accuracy":[144],"97.25%,":[146],"much":[156],"higher":[157],"F-score":[158],"fewer":[160],"parameters":[161],"under":[162],"highly":[164],"constrained":[165],"evaluation":[166],"criterion":[167],"intersection":[169],"union":[171],"(IoU)":[172],"\u2265":[173],"0.7,":[174],"when":[175],"comparing":[176],"several":[178],"state-of-the-art":[179],"object":[180],"publicly":[189],"available":[190],"at":[191],"https://github.com/HCIILAB/TKH_MTH_Datasets_Release":[192],"for":[193],"non-commercial":[194],"use.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
