{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2803063182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2831599","title":"Performance Evaluation of a Document Image Watermarking Approach With Enhanced Tamper Localization and Recovery","display_name":"Performance Evaluation of a Document Image Watermarking Approach With Enhanced Tamper Localization and Recovery","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2803063182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2831599","mag":"2803063182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2831599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2831599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2831599","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068475223","display_name":"Lamri Laouamer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lamri Laouamer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qassim University, Buraidah, Al Qassim, SA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qassim University, Buraidah, Al Qassim, SA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074757029","display_name":"Omar Tayan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1481-8976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Tayan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taibah University, Madinah, Al Madinah, SA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1481-8976","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taibah University, Madinah, Al Madinah, SA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068475223"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.9087,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89837282,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"26144","last_page":"26166"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.900902509689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8448660373687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5390746593475342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tamper-resistance","display_name":"Tamper resistance","score":0.5262426733970642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5257635712623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5248582363128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5227611064910889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.512796938419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4814823865890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-content","display_name":"Digital content","score":0.47406333684921265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-image","display_name":"Digital image","score":0.4333668649196625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4315984547138214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3873293101787567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.36128026247024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3218010663986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.2532632052898407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.13822883367538452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1206466555595398}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.900902509689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8448660373687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5390746593475342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19163912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7681779","display_name":"Tamper resistance","level":2,"score":0.5262426733970642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5257635712623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5248582363128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5227611064910889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.512796938419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4814823865890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779344036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11320476","display_name":"Digital content","level":2,"score":0.47406333684921265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42781572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250322","display_name":"Digital image","level":4,"score":0.4333668649196625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4315984547138214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3873293101787567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.36128026247024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3218010663986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2532632052898407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.13822883367538452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1206466555595398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2831599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2831599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b316db21363947bab4b1867be40613b9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b316db21363947bab4b1867be40613b9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 26144-26166 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2831599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2831599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4891896835","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRC1-126B","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321161","funder_display_name":"Taibah University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321161","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1059052412","https://openalex.org/W1509542376","https://openalex.org/W1962827045","https://openalex.org/W1971149656","https://openalex.org/W1976218698","https://openalex.org/W1982733016","https://openalex.org/W1992330443","https://openalex.org/W1995683397","https://openalex.org/W2000092814","https://openalex.org/W2008045962","https://openalex.org/W2029077369","https://openalex.org/W2044712038","https://openalex.org/W2047645691","https://openalex.org/W2052363596","https://openalex.org/W2056591062","https://openalex.org/W2064221825","https://openalex.org/W2076844810","https://openalex.org/W2091123984","https://openalex.org/W2104307456","https://openalex.org/W2104643734","https://openalex.org/W2118224871","https://openalex.org/W2254735804","https://openalex.org/W2343485503","https://openalex.org/W2514315863","https://openalex.org/W2551894759","https://openalex.org/W2625389882","https://openalex.org/W2626219245","https://openalex.org/W2759307333","https://openalex.org/W2768040850","https://openalex.org/W3020813630","https://openalex.org/W6643245369"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512373895","https://openalex.org/W2359773540","https://openalex.org/W4327926797","https://openalex.org/W2141372244","https://openalex.org/W1669086842","https://openalex.org/W4294068482","https://openalex.org/W2795318091","https://openalex.org/W2062005526","https://openalex.org/W2546423525","https://openalex.org/W1559966585"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"transmission":[1],"of":[2,40,53,81,95,109,140,187,197,206,226],"sensitive":[3,82,123,131,142,245],"images":[4,84],"and":[5,30,50,69,106,113,119,159,184,189],"documents":[6,124],"over":[7],"unsecure":[8],"networks,":[9],"such":[10,41,147],"as":[11,136],"the":[12,22,38,48,51,54,65,79,110,168,176,212,232],"Internet,":[13],"has":[14,25],"become":[15,26],"a":[16,20,96,130,137,141,155,194,224,236],"general":[17],"practice.":[18],"As":[19],"result,":[21],"digital":[23,42,246],"content":[24,55],"vulnerable":[27],"to":[28,36,77,116,164,181,243],"intentional":[29],"unintentional":[31],"modifications":[32],"during":[33],"transmission.":[34],"Prior":[35],"considering":[37],"reliability":[39],"content,":[43],"it":[44,200],"is":[45],"important":[46],"that":[47,175,203],"authentication":[49],"integrity":[52],"can":[56],"be":[57],"confirmed.":[58],"Such":[59],"issues":[60],"were":[61,149,221],"largely":[62],"considered":[63],"in":[64,145,162,167,228,239],"literature":[66],"for":[67,103,122,211],"natural":[68],"texture-based":[70],"images,":[71],"with":[72,85,100,193,223],"only":[73],"minimal":[74],"work":[75],"found":[76],"address":[78],"challenge":[80],"document":[83,143],"known":[86],"constraints.":[87],"In":[88],"this":[89,128],"paper,":[90,129],"we":[91],"present":[92],"an":[93,204],"evaluation":[94],"non-blind":[97],"robust-watermarking":[98],"approach":[99,112,234],"linear":[101],"interpolation":[102],"tamper-detection,":[104],"localization":[105],"recovery.":[107],"Performance":[108],"proposed":[111,152,177,233],"its":[114,240],"resistance":[115],"random":[117],"paint-based":[118],"Stirmark-based":[120],"attacks":[121,183],"are":[125],"investigated.":[126],"Throughout":[127],"Arabic":[132],"scripture":[133],"was":[134,179,185,201,209],"used":[135],"case":[138],"study":[139],"image,":[144],"which":[146],"operations":[148],"performed.":[150],"The":[151],"model":[153],"presents":[154],"superior":[156],"tamper":[157],"detection":[158],"recovery":[160],"capability":[161],"comparison":[163],"other":[165,244],"models":[166],"related":[169],"literature.":[170],"Simulation":[171],"results":[172,220],"had":[173],"demonstrated":[174],"method":[178],"robust":[180],"malicious":[182],"capable":[186],"localizing":[188],"correcting":[190],"tampered":[191],"regions":[192],"high":[195],"degree":[196],"accuracy.":[198],"Significantly,":[199],"noted":[202],"average":[205],"43":[207],"dB":[208],"obtained":[210],"peak":[213],"signal-to-noise":[214],"ratio":[215],"results,":[216],"while":[217],"generally":[218],"low-BER":[219],"achieved,":[222],"rate":[225],"0%":[227],"some":[229],"cases.":[230],"Finally,":[231],"possessed":[235],"further":[237],"advantage":[238],"broad":[241],"applicability":[242],"image":[247],"content.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-28T09:10:13.091523","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}