{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2797813689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2825387","title":"Secrecy Energy Efficiency in Wireless Powered Heterogeneous Networks: A Distributed ADMM Approach","display_name":"Secrecy Energy Efficiency in Wireless Powered Heterogeneous Networks: A Distributed ADMM Approach","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2797813689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2825387","mag":"2797813689"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2825387","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2825387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2825387","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060207958","display_name":"Xin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9827-0585"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological R&D Center, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological R&D Center, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100365139","display_name":"Bin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0827-7018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079614008","display_name":"Kaizhi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7084-3826"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaizhi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological R&D Center, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological R&D Center, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005456828","display_name":"Zesong Fei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7576-625X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zesong Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011048761","display_name":"Kai\u2010Kit Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-0078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Kit Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060207958"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.7475,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90845074,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"20609","last_page":"20624"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrocell","display_name":"Macrocell","score":0.9544346332550049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/femtocell","display_name":"Femtocell","score":0.8599817752838135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8447034955024719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-noise","display_name":"Artificial noise","score":0.7125024199485779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5763426423072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5661115050315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5324963331222534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4853876829147339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.4643462300300598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-network","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","score":0.45680707693099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.43632063269615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4313097894191742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.42311975359916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.3748170733451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.3551499843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3428727388381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.32177525758743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16330605745315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.10910919308662415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778291847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163937","display_name":"Macrocell","level":3,"score":0.9544346332550049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152504517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572455","display_name":"Femtocell","level":3,"score":0.8599817752838135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8447034955024719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.7125024199485779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5763426423072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5661115050315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5324963331222534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4853876829147339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.4643462300300598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.45680707693099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.43632063269615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4313097894191742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.42311975359916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.3748170733451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.3551499843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3428727388381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.32177525758743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16330605745315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.10910919308662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2825387","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2825387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:619224ccd7df43988bcd69b1368f17b9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/619224ccd7df43988bcd69b1368f17b9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 20609-20624 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10047788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10047788/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   IEEE Access , 6    pp. 20609-20624.   (2018)      ","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2825387","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2825387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1591890903","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61601514","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G287988995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61471396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4137032510","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61521003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4399042629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701538","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5375778790","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61501516","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568307856","https://openalex.org/W1970334960","https://openalex.org/W1992656353","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W1997770298","https://openalex.org/W2005108639","https://openalex.org/W2042599231","https://openalex.org/W2046906023","https://openalex.org/W2060695112","https://openalex.org/W2074796812","https://openalex.org/W2087604002","https://openalex.org/W2119012490","https://openalex.org/W2126423090","https://openalex.org/W2136530738","https://openalex.org/W2164278908","https://openalex.org/W2177372563","https://openalex.org/W2226740399","https://openalex.org/W2241949486","https://openalex.org/W2286038800","https://openalex.org/W2291245608","https://openalex.org/W2295912450","https://openalex.org/W2331516493","https://openalex.org/W2342678480","https://openalex.org/W2497704321","https://openalex.org/W2583634645","https://openalex.org/W2597376010","https://openalex.org/W2628326613","https://openalex.org/W2730974352","https://openalex.org/W2757528066","https://openalex.org/W2764170017","https://openalex.org/W2963472312","https://openalex.org/W4292363360"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2176967249","https://openalex.org/W2040311827","https://openalex.org/W2206637726","https://openalex.org/W1519632632","https://openalex.org/W2034139677","https://openalex.org/W2479641731","https://openalex.org/W2108749951","https://openalex.org/W117540911","https://openalex.org/W2138783567","https://openalex.org/W1987099914"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,34,43,63,73,80,99,108,119,127,136,182,199,202,210],"physical":[4],"layer":[5],"security":[6],"in":[7,42,86,138],"heterogeneous":[8],"networks":[9],"(HetNets)":[10],"supported":[11],"by":[12,160],"simultaneous":[13],"wireless":[14],"information":[15,83,91,185],"and":[16,30,76,84,114,117,190,208],"power":[17],"transfer":[18],"(SWIPT).":[19],"We":[20],"first":[21],"consider":[22],"a":[23,28,46,54,87,139,170],"two-tier":[24],"HetNet":[25],"composed":[26],"of":[27,45,56,66,82,121,129,184,201,212],"macrocell":[29,35,113],"several":[31],"femtocells,":[32],"where":[33,90],"base":[36],"station":[37],"(BS)":[38],"serves":[39,53],"multiple":[40],"users":[41,78],"presence":[44],"malicious":[47],"eavesdropper,":[48],"while":[49,134],"each":[50],"femtocell":[51,74,115],"BS":[52],"couple":[55],"Internet-of-Things":[57],"(IoT)":[58],"users.":[59],"With":[60],"regard":[61],"to":[62,94],"energy":[64,85,132],"constraint":[65],"IoT":[67,77],"users,":[68],"SWIPT":[69],"is":[70,93],"performed":[71],"at":[72,111],"BSs,":[75,116],"accomplish":[79],"reception":[81],"time-switching":[88],"manner,":[89],"secrecy":[92,100,131],"be":[95],"protected.":[96],"To":[97,146],"enhance":[98],"performance,":[101],"we":[102,125,155,167],"inject":[103],"artificial":[104],"noise":[105],"(AN)":[106],"into":[107],"transmit":[109],"beam":[110],"both":[112],"for":[118],"sake":[120],"achieving":[122],"green":[123],"communications,":[124],"formulate":[126],"problem":[128],"maximizing":[130],"efficiency":[133],"considering":[135],"fairness":[137],"cross-tier":[140,205],"multi-cell":[141],"coordinated":[142,188],"beamforming":[143],"(MCBF)":[144],"design.":[145],"handle":[147],"this":[148],"resulting":[149],"nonconvex":[150],"max-min":[151],"fractional":[152],"program":[153],"problem,":[154],"propose":[156],"an":[157],"iterative":[158],"algorithm":[159],"applying":[161],"successive":[162],"convex":[163],"approximation":[164,193],"method.":[165],"Then,":[166],"further":[168],"develop":[169],"decentralized":[171],"solution":[172],"based":[173],"on":[174],"alternative":[175],"direction":[176],"multiplier":[177],"method":[178],"(ADMM),":[179],"which":[180],"reduces":[181],"overhead":[183],"exchange":[186],"among":[187],"BSs":[189],"achieves":[191],"good":[192],"performance.":[194],"Finally,":[195],"simulation":[196],"results":[197],"demonstrate":[198],"performance":[200],"proposed":[203],"AN-aided":[204],"MCBF":[206],"design":[207],"verify":[209],"validity":[211],"distributed":[213],"ADMM-based":[214],"approach.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}