{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2802327240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2824838","title":"An Overview on Thermal Safety Issues of Lithium-ion Batteries for Electric Vehicle Application","display_name":"An Overview on Thermal Safety Issues of Lithium-ion Batteries for Electric Vehicle Application","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2802327240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2824838","mag":"2802327240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2824838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2824838","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2824838","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jianan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0534-7364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center for Electric Vehicles, Beijing, China","National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0534-7364","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Electric Vehicles, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012659616","display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center for Electric Vehicles, Beijing, China","National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0397","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Electric Vehicles, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108048515","display_name":"Fengchun Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9524-9367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengchun Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center for Electric Vehicles, Beijing, China","National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Electric Vehicles, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052233170","display_name":"Zhenpo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1396-906X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenpo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center for Electric Vehicles, Beijing, China","National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Electric Vehicles, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":9.1118,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":341,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98382434,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"23848","last_page":"23863"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10281","display_name":"Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-runaway","display_name":"Thermal runaway","score":0.9521292448043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-management-of-electronic-devices-and-systems","display_name":"Thermal management of electronic devices and systems","score":0.6688274145126343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-generation","display_name":"Heat generation","score":0.5864856243133545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.5314494371414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.5087042450904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.4912347197532654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.46122366189956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-pack","display_name":"Battery pack","score":0.45889711380004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium","display_name":"Lithium (medication)","score":0.4492619037628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-engineering","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","score":0.40854036808013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.4013511538505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.28189051151275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23920267820358276}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72688512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908282","display_name":"Thermal runaway","level":4,"score":0.9521292448043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114834414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15477170","display_name":"Thermal management of electronic devices and systems","level":2,"score":0.6688274145126343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020116064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Heat generation","level":2,"score":0.5864856243133545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.5314494371414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.5087042450904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.4912347197532654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.46122366189956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778508592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420116","display_name":"Battery pack","level":4,"score":0.45889711380004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778541603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152763","display_name":"Lithium (medication)","level":2,"score":0.4492619037628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.40854036808013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4013511538505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28189051151275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23920267820358276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2824838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2824838","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7d50daf0ae9c4f45a04266b77f419eec","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7d50daf0ae9c4f45a04266b77f419eec","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 23848-23863 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2824838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2824838","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7301747374","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1564206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8958863230","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201706030101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":112,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W305428563","https://openalex.org/W315327861","https://openalex.org/W891051372","https://openalex.org/W1483210709","https://openalex.org/W1572952380","https://openalex.org/W1586387416","https://openalex.org/W1882662855","https://openalex.org/W1930890168","https://openalex.org/W1958557528","https://openalex.org/W1964170909","https://openalex.org/W1964935880","https://openalex.org/W1967219389","https://openalex.org/W1971555036","https://openalex.org/W1974670945","https://openalex.org/W1980059006","https://openalex.org/W1985914108","https://openalex.org/W1986785108","https://openalex.org/W1986828340","https://openalex.org/W1987296189","https://openalex.org/W1988372683","https://openalex.org/W1989437963","https://openalex.org/W1999254496","https://openalex.org/W2001143428","https://openalex.org/W2002882898","https://openalex.org/W2004960594","https://openalex.org/W2005449037","https://openalex.org/W2008208206","https://openalex.org/W2011021980","https://openalex.org/W2011315317","https://openalex.org/W2011661112","https://openalex.org/W2013468772","https://openalex.org/W2013890830","https://openalex.org/W2016138781","https://openalex.org/W2019357759","https://openalex.org/W2020512944","https://openalex.org/W2021722296","https://openalex.org/W2023385933","https://openalex.org/W2023707004","https://openalex.org/W2025959454","https://openalex.org/W2027280385","https://openalex.org/W2030247238","https://openalex.org/W2031289746","https://openalex.org/W2031725528","https://openalex.org/W2032952916","https://openalex.org/W2035201814","https://openalex.org/W2040742868","https://openalex.org/W2042748513","https://openalex.org/W2049131909","https://openalex.org/W2049607444","https://openalex.org/W2049857477","https://openalex.org/W2052708977","https://openalex.org/W2053776658","https://openalex.org/W2057844868","https://openalex.org/W2059262407","https://openalex.org/W2059839959","https://openalex.org/W2061661991","https://openalex.org/W2062517395","https://openalex.org/W2066585397","https://openalex.org/W2066988889","https://openalex.org/W2067302116","https://openalex.org/W2068946901","https://openalex.org/W2070240165","https://openalex.org/W2073057949","https://openalex.org/W2077811947","https://openalex.org/W2081107307","https://openalex.org/W2083727247","https://openalex.org/W2084397026","https://openalex.org/W2087804692","https://openalex.org/W2088181754","https://openalex.org/W2091808261","https://openalex.org/W2092124289","https://openalex.org/W2092659727","https://openalex.org/W2095561340","https://openalex.org/W2107969558","https://openalex.org/W2113449668","https://openalex.org/W2113900458","https://openalex.org/W2115805983","https://openalex.org/W2116064024","https://openalex.org/W2120705194","https://openalex.org/W2125550095","https://openalex.org/W2132679358","https://openalex.org/W2136530290","https://openalex.org/W2142925484","https://openalex.org/W2146422293","https://openalex.org/W2162945380","https://openalex.org/W2168979871","https://openalex.org/W2170032828","https://openalex.org/W2170981447","https://openalex.org/W2189231559","https://openalex.org/W2291055323","https://openalex.org/W2301047815","https://openalex.org/W2309665897","https://openalex.org/W2332802116","https://openalex.org/W2340923090","https://openalex.org/W2345304034","https://openalex.org/W2368708492","https://openalex.org/W2413802951","https://openalex.org/W2414929806","https://openalex.org/W2472418178","https://openalex.org/W2515213929","https://openalex.org/W2518096466","https://openalex.org/W2518967922","https://openalex.org/W2532508227","https://openalex.org/W2552104536","https://openalex.org/W4247013259","https://openalex.org/W4307654752","https://openalex.org/W6635319319","https://openalex.org/W6679710865","https://openalex.org/W6681521013","https://openalex.org/W6704082068","https://openalex.org/W6707967468","https://openalex.org/W6845989038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2769436535","https://openalex.org/W2034497065","https://openalex.org/W3089665826","https://openalex.org/W2519883542","https://openalex.org/W2735869303","https://openalex.org/W2980755701","https://openalex.org/W2912747347","https://openalex.org/W4381929093","https://openalex.org/W4295015834","https://openalex.org/W4200519563"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lithium-ion":[0],"batteries":[1],"(LIBs)":[2],"are":[3,98,107,122,139],"being":[4],"intensively":[5],"studied":[6],"and":[7,39,65,69,74,85,93,114,120,130,136],"universally":[8],"used":[9],"as":[10],"power":[11],"sources":[12],"for":[13,45,71,78,117,141],"electric":[14],"vehicle":[15],"applications.":[16],"Despite":[17],"the":[18,34,41],"staggering":[19],"growth":[20],"in":[21,60],"sales":[22],"of":[23,43,58,62,88],"LIBs":[24],"worldwide,":[25],"thermal":[26,55,63,66,86,105,111,142],"safety":[27,56,75],"issues":[28,57],"still":[29],"turn":[30],"out":[31],"to":[32,104,133],"be":[33],"most":[35],"intolerable":[36],"pain":[37],"point,":[38],"remain":[40],"focus":[42],"research":[44],"technological":[46],"improvements.":[47],"This":[48],"paper":[49],"presents":[50],"a":[51,96],"comprehensive":[52],"overview":[53],"on":[54],"LIBs,":[59,89],"terms":[61],"behavior":[64],"runaway":[67,106,112,143],"modeling":[68],"tests":[70],"battery":[72,79],"cells,":[73],"management":[76],"strategies":[77,116],"packs.":[80],"Considering":[81],"heat":[82,90],"generation":[83],"mechanism":[84],"characteristics":[87],"generation,":[91],"dissipation":[92],"accumulation":[94],"inside":[95],"cell":[97],"elaborated.":[99],"The":[100],"triggering":[101],"factors":[102],"leading":[103],"also":[108],"summarized.":[109],"Finally,":[110],"detection":[113],"prevention":[115],"both":[118],"cell-":[119],"pack-levels":[121],"introduced.":[123],"Different":[124],"engineering":[125],"approaches":[126],"from":[127],"material":[128],"refinement":[129],"additive":[131],"adoption":[132],"thermal,":[134],"electrical,":[135],"mechanical":[137],"design":[138],"presented":[140],"prevention.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}