{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2795326606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2821358","title":"Polarization Diversity and Adaptive Beamsteering for 5G Reflectarrays: A Review","display_name":"Polarization Diversity and Adaptive Beamsteering for 5G Reflectarrays: A Review","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2795326606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2821358","mag":"2795326606"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2821358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2821358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2821358","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019457811","display_name":"Muhammad Hashim Dahri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2895-0695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Hashim Dahri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045194330","display_name":"Mohd Haizal Jamaluddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1577-4047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Haizal Jamaluddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1577-4047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059640494","display_name":"Mohsen Khalily","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1861-5428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Khalily","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Systems, Home of the 5G Innovation Centre, University of Surrey, Guilford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1861-5428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems, Home of the 5G Innovation Centre, University of Surrey, Guilford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035856199","display_name":"Muhammad Inam Abbasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3127-4923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Inam Abbasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3127-4923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112362955","display_name":"Raghuraman Selvaraju","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghuraman Selvaraju","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000082842","display_name":"Muhammad Ramlee Kamarudin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1756-4315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I933054736","display_name":"Defence Academy of the United Kingdom","ror":"https://ror.org/03myaza48","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306956679","https://openalex.org/I2802373619","https://openalex.org/I933054736"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ramlee Kamarudin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Electronic Warfare, Information and Cyber, Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1756-4315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Electronic Warfare, Information and Cyber, Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I933054736","https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":65.3181,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99765814,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"19451","last_page":"19464"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.973800003528595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.5905635952949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5532679557800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5511295199394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-diversity","display_name":"Antenna diversity","score":0.45386648178100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.4247959852218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.3140316605567932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2801893949508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2746104598045349}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5905635952949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5532679557800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5511295199394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60069766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357054","display_name":"Antenna diversity","level":3,"score":0.45386648178100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.4247959852218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.3140316605567932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2801893949508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2746104598045349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2821358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2821358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.44SUR_INST:11139433060002346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:51793605b93a4c6ebb68f67482bcc423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/51793605b93a4c6ebb68f67482bcc423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 19451-19464 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epubs.surrey.ac.uk:846147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/846147/1/Polarization%20Diversity%20and%20Adaptive%20Beamsteering%20for%205G%20Reflectarrays.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400680","display_name":"Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","host_organization_name":"University of Surrey","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2821358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2821358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1410513780","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4S134","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","funder_display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1927068784","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13H26","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","funder_display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5829073119","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"03G33","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","funder_display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6489476115","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4J211","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","funder_display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":111,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36779952","https://openalex.org/W332770779","https://openalex.org/W606103520","https://openalex.org/W653922795","https://openalex.org/W1492337706","https://openalex.org/W1493836494","https://openalex.org/W1500843648","https://openalex.org/W1534864144","https://openalex.org/W1543321113","https://openalex.org/W1583667832","https://openalex.org/W1629338704","https://openalex.org/W1634951296","https://openalex.org/W1642558850","https://openalex.org/W1788874075","https://openalex.org/W1815409597","https://openalex.org/W1907785138","https://openalex.org/W1920961116","https://openalex.org/W1964827135","https://openalex.org/W1972284860","https://openalex.org/W1977706751","https://openalex.org/W1978419228","https://openalex.org/W1980315694","https://openalex.org/W1983877861","https://openalex.org/W1988433251","https://openalex.org/W1989802815","https://openalex.org/W1991584890","https://openalex.org/W1993048298","https://openalex.org/W1995408644","https://openalex.org/W1996206349","https://openalex.org/W1998127443","https://openalex.org/W2003249741","https://openalex.org/W2004812302","https://openalex.org/W2005321918","https://openalex.org/W2013934932","https://openalex.org/W2022436316","https://openalex.org/W2024685667","https://openalex.org/W2025793827","https://openalex.org/W2027918153","https://openalex.org/W2028784659","https://openalex.org/W2033316084","https://openalex.org/W2034595967","https://openalex.org/W2039205536","https://openalex.org/W2041849532","https://openalex.org/W2042944903","https://openalex.org/W2044693927","https://openalex.org/W2045610896","https://openalex.org/W2048000025","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2054792055","https://openalex.org/W2055417973","https://openalex.org/W2063501067","https://openalex.org/W2064980419","https://openalex.org/W2065298540","https://openalex.org/W2066376194","https://openalex.org/W2070574548","https://openalex.org/W2078321043","https://openalex.org/W2080427113","https://openalex.org/W2082448105","https://openalex.org/W2084038502","https://openalex.org/W2085808296","https://openalex.org/W2085975577","https://openalex.org/W2087252304","https://openalex.org/W2089701677","https://openalex.org/W2091492862","https://openalex.org/W2091739421","https://openalex.org/W2097204689","https://openalex.org/W2098274459","https://openalex.org/W2098381160","https://openalex.org/W2098936458","https://openalex.org/W2099682235","https://openalex.org/W2103726612","https://openalex.org/W2103948254","https://openalex.org/W2103972037","https://openalex.org/W2104074482","https://openalex.org/W2104353338","https://openalex.org/W2108723193","https://openalex.org/W2120796660","https://openalex.org/W2121648074","https://openalex.org/W2132718642","https://openalex.org/W2136935474","https://openalex.org/W2137044850","https://openalex.org/W2138840228","https://openalex.org/W2146591821","https://openalex.org/W2148132170","https://openalex.org/W2148316324","https://openalex.org/W2149164057","https://openalex.org/W2152696144","https://openalex.org/W2154722736","https://openalex.org/W2154727987","https://openalex.org/W2158309147","https://openalex.org/W2159907952","https://openalex.org/W2161894575","https://openalex.org/W2168600853","https://openalex.org/W2169270320","https://openalex.org/W2170927622","https://openalex.org/W2172022903","https://openalex.org/W2289634823","https://openalex.org/W2294166551","https://openalex.org/W2344104940","https://openalex.org/W2491880433","https://openalex.org/W2499732104","https://openalex.org/W2547825016","https://openalex.org/W2612898413","https://openalex.org/W2750869959","https://openalex.org/W2780765973","https://openalex.org/W4234008455","https://openalex.org/W6601515229","https://openalex.org/W6636746923","https://openalex.org/W6636862086","https://openalex.org/W6638458671","https://openalex.org/W6684994680"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4311224030","https://openalex.org/W4245236186","https://openalex.org/W2390441978","https://openalex.org/W1999057994","https://openalex.org/W3150627147","https://openalex.org/W2113554694","https://openalex.org/W4309744101","https://openalex.org/W2079455085","https://openalex.org/W221003757","https://openalex.org/W2044840887"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,60,76],"growing":[1],"demands":[2],"of":[3,17,78,103],"advanced":[4,48],"future":[5,107],"communication":[6],"technologies":[7],"require":[8],"investigating":[9],"the":[10,14,57,63],"possible":[11],"enhancement":[12],"in":[13,56,62,74,89],"current":[15],"features":[16,25],"a":[18,27,31,41],"reflectarray":[19,58],"antenna.":[20,59],"Its":[21],"design":[22,49,96],"and":[23,47,54,70,82,101],"experimental":[24],"need":[26],"thorough":[28],"investigation":[29],"before":[30],"plausible":[32],"transition":[33],"towards":[34],"millimeter":[35],"wave":[36],"frequencies.":[37],"This":[38],"paper":[39],"provides":[40],"detailed":[42],"review":[43],"covering":[44],"various":[45],"fundamental":[46],"tactics":[50],"for":[51,68,86],"polarization":[52,64],"diversity":[53,61],"beamsteering":[55,88],"has":[65,91,97],"been":[66,93,98,111],"discussed":[67],"linear":[69],"circular":[71],"polarized":[72],"designs":[73],"reflectarrays.":[75],"importance":[77],"electronically":[79],"tunable":[80],"materials":[81],"different":[83],"lumped":[84],"components":[85],"adaptive":[87],"reflectarrays":[90],"also":[92],"highlighted.":[94],"Each":[95],"critically":[99],"analyzed":[100],"possibilities":[102],"its":[104],"compatibility":[105],"with":[106],"5G":[108],"systems":[109],"have":[110],"provided.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
