{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2793135643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2806373","title":"Fault Diagnosis of Components and Sensors in HVAC Air Handling Systems With New Types of Faults","display_name":"Fault Diagnosis of Components and Sensors in HVAC Air Handling Systems With New Types of Faults","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2793135643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2806373","mag":"2793135643"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2806373","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2806373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2806373","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101638873","display_name":"Ying Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3609-0496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ying Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070935042","display_name":"Peter B. Luh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5158-7388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter B. Luh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082001657","display_name":"Krishna R. Pattipati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0565-181X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krishna R. Pattipati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101638873"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.4488,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87768403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"21682","last_page":"21696"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.95660001039505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hvac","display_name":"HVAC","score":0.8894472718238831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6740146279335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6096081137657166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.5811357498168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5733641982078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.5312889218330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.5295162200927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-conditioning","display_name":"Air conditioning","score":0.39378130435943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3766900897026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3313210606575012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32451966404914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20213016867637634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122346748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798773","display_name":"HVAC","level":3,"score":0.8894472718238831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6740146279335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6096081137657166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.5811357498168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5733641982078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.5312889218330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5295162200927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.39378130435943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3766900897026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3313210606575012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32451966404914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20213016867637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2806373","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2806373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aa6d8e15190c4e8cb1e26a97950c7b42","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aa6d8e15190c4e8cb1e26a97950c7b42","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 21682-21696 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2806373","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2806373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9200000166893005,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6197652934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1331850","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73942355","https://openalex.org/W189720646","https://openalex.org/W1982278695","https://openalex.org/W1987801135","https://openalex.org/W2007842565","https://openalex.org/W2018795431","https://openalex.org/W2020583287","https://openalex.org/W2032177881","https://openalex.org/W2032753446","https://openalex.org/W2057756949","https://openalex.org/W2059697394","https://openalex.org/W2098985670","https://openalex.org/W2128782426","https://openalex.org/W2152938409","https://openalex.org/W2158190429","https://openalex.org/W2177786991","https://openalex.org/W2184158781","https://openalex.org/W2521479021","https://openalex.org/W2553509911","https://openalex.org/W2594922377","https://openalex.org/W2740436868","https://openalex.org/W2742343860","https://openalex.org/W2764959534","https://openalex.org/W3148198191","https://openalex.org/W3149443718","https://openalex.org/W3203818653","https://openalex.org/W6602990936","https://openalex.org/W6607647923","https://openalex.org/W6683269077","https://openalex.org/W6686387334","https://openalex.org/W6793073298"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112866972","https://openalex.org/W4240233711","https://openalex.org/W2900606913","https://openalex.org/W4320003279","https://openalex.org/W2326910963","https://openalex.org/W3111008797","https://openalex.org/W4287552621","https://openalex.org/W3046823714","https://openalex.org/W2348218441","https://openalex.org/W3021806226"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Air":[0],"handling":[1],"systems":[2],"are":[3,124,152,162,198,292],"the":[4,172,210,268,271],"key":[5],"sub-systems":[6],"of":[7,54,103,145,174,284,290],"heating":[8],"ventilation":[9],"and":[10,17,26,36,46,66,82,97,128,132,159,177,248,281,287],"air":[11,19,30,49],"conditioning":[12],"(HVAC)":[13],"systems.":[14],"They":[15],"condition":[16],"deliver":[18],"to":[20,40,77,106,114,116,126,168,183,232,243,266],"satisfy":[21],"human":[22],"thermal":[23,44],"comfort":[24],"requirements":[25],"provide":[27],"acceptable":[28],"indoor":[29,48],"quality.":[31,50],"Faults":[32],"in":[33,141,171],"their":[34,67,202],"components":[35],"sensors":[37],"may":[38,56,135],"lead":[39],"high-energy":[41],"consumption,":[42],"poor":[43],"comfort,":[45],"unacceptable":[47],"Additionally,":[51],"new":[52,143,187,206,218,246,251,272,288],"types":[53,144,220,252,289],"faults":[55,80,291],"falsely":[57],"be":[58],"identified":[59,153,293],"as":[60],"known":[61,286],"types.":[62],"Identifying":[63],"failure":[64,95,150,279],"modes":[65,96,151,280],"severities":[68,99,161,283],"with":[69,221,237,294],"low":[70,178,222],"false":[71,138,223],"identification":[72,139,224],"rates":[73,140],"is":[74,89,191,230,263],"thus":[75],"critical":[76],"know":[78],"what":[79],"occur":[81],"how":[83],"severe":[84],"they":[85],"are.":[86],"However,":[87],"this":[88,148,194],"challenging,":[90],"since":[91],"1)":[92],"classifying":[93],"both":[94,285],"fault":[98,160,219,273,282],"generates":[100],"many":[101],"categories":[102],"failures,":[104],"leading":[105,167],"high":[107,137,295],"computational":[108,179],"requirements;":[109],"2)":[110],"updating":[111],"model":[112,130],"parameters":[113,197],"adapt":[115,182],"changing":[117,184],"environments":[118],"requires":[119],"accurate":[120,213],"recursive":[121],"equations":[122],"that":[123,278],"hard":[125],"obtain;":[127],"3)":[129],"errors":[131],"measurement":[133],"noise":[134],"cause":[136],"detecting":[142],"faults.":[146],"In":[147,193],"paper,":[149],"by":[154,164,253],"hidden":[155],"Markov":[156],"models":[157],"(HMMs)":[158],"estimated":[163],"filtering":[165],"methods,":[166],"a":[169,186,226,258],"decrease":[170],"number":[173],"HMM":[175,196,235],"states":[176,242],"requirements.":[180],"To":[181,216],"environments,":[185],"online":[188],"learning":[189],"algorithm":[190],"developed.":[192],"algorithm,":[195],"obtained":[199],"based":[200],"on":[201],"posterior":[203],"distributions":[204],"given":[205],"observations,":[207],"thereby":[208],"avoiding":[209],"need":[211],"for":[212,270],"recurrence":[214],"equations.":[215],"identify":[217],"rates,":[225],"robust":[227],"statistical":[228],"method":[229],"developed":[231],"compare":[233],"current":[234],"observations":[236,256],"those":[238],"expected":[239],"from":[240],"existing":[241],"obtain":[244],"potential":[245],"types,":[247],"then":[249,264],"confirm":[250],"checking":[254],"whether":[255],"have":[257],"significant":[259],"change.":[260],"Physical":[261],"knowledge":[262],"used":[265],"find":[267],"reason":[269],"type.":[274],"Experimental":[275],"results":[276],"show":[277],"accuracy.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}