{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2792349103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2801028","title":"Robust Tracking Through the Design of High Quality Fiducial Markers: An Optimization Tool for ARToolKit","display_name":"Robust Tracking Through the Design of High Quality Fiducial Markers: An Optimization Tool for ARToolKit","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2792349103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2801028","mag":"2792349103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2801028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2801028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2801028","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031175155","display_name":"Dawar Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5864-1888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68649149","display_name":"University of Malakand","ror":"https://ror.org/012xdha97","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}],"countries":["CN","PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dawar Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and IT, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan","National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and IT, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066869833","display_name":"Sehat Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1193-9350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68649149","display_name":"University of Malakand","ror":"https://ror.org/012xdha97","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sehat Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and IT, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and IT, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003969300","display_name":"Dong\u2010Ming Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2209-2404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Ming Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050536579","display_name":"Ihsan Rabbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1699-6300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68649149","display_name":"University of Malakand","ror":"https://ror.org/012xdha97","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ihsan Rabbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and IT, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and IT, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109348829","display_name":"Paul Richard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9905-847X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49451733","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Angers","ror":"https://ror.org/04yrqp957","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49451733"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Richard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Angers, Angers, France","Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes, Universit\u00e9 d'Angers, Angers, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Angers, Angers, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49451733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes, Universit\u00e9 d'Angers, Angers, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49451733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033351728","display_name":"Thuong Hoang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7354-260X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49451733","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Angers","ror":"https://ror.org/04yrqp957","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49451733"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thuong Hoang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Angers, Angers, France","Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes, Universit\u00e9 d'Angers, Angers, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Angers, Angers, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49451733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes, Universit\u00e9 d'Angers, Angers, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49451733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021195349","display_name":"Mark Billinghurst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4172-6759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170239107","display_name":"University of South Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/01p93h210","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Billinghurst","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of ITMS, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ITMS, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100667567","display_name":"Xiaopeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0092-6474"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaopeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031175155"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I4210165038","https://openalex.org/I68649149"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.8025,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89131366,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"22421","last_page":"22433"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiducial-marker","display_name":"Fiducial marker","score":0.9725630283355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.796033501625061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.7462778687477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose","display_name":"Pose","score":0.6174970865249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5792058706283569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5696927309036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.4646432399749756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.43169015645980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173974348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469893","display_name":"Fiducial marker","level":2,"score":0.9725630283355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.796033501625061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.7462778687477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.6174970865249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5792058706283569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5696927309036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.4646432399749756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.43169015645980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2801028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2801028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:urm_publish:9916211009101831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://find.library.unisa.edu.au/discovery/fulldisplay/alma9916211009101831/61USOUTHAUS_INST:ROR","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402528","display_name":"UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170239107","host_organization_name":"University of South Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02528733v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://univ-angers.hal.science/hal-02528733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8287815/","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c95e7be777d5471d826c0c1ad4e2f60b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c95e7be777d5471d826c0c1ad4e2f60b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 22421-22433 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30106227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401102","display_name":"Own your potential (DEAKIN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20813440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Robust_tracking_through_the_design_of_high_quality_fiducial_markers_an_optimization_tool_for_ARToolKit/20813440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2801028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2801028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2077637263","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61331018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G386194012","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772523","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8030430803","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61620106003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335564","display_name":"Chinese Government Scholarship","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W205554856","https://openalex.org/W243825177","https://openalex.org/W310921474","https://openalex.org/W1501018011","https://openalex.org/W1607057511","https://openalex.org/W1662668955","https://openalex.org/W1920409337","https://openalex.org/W1994349244","https://openalex.org/W1998310071","https://openalex.org/W2013707129","https://openalex.org/W2027334777","https://openalex.org/W2052480360","https://openalex.org/W2069518928","https://openalex.org/W2077742344","https://openalex.org/W2098305758","https://openalex.org/W2103894593","https://openalex.org/W2123068464","https://openalex.org/W2125188427","https://openalex.org/W2127006585","https://openalex.org/W2127972053","https://openalex.org/W2132072356","https://openalex.org/W2143811383","https://openalex.org/W2150212068","https://openalex.org/W2164139712","https://openalex.org/W2183701118","https://openalex.org/W2291388218","https://openalex.org/W2698354756","https://openalex.org/W2729161127","https://openalex.org/W2747911295","https://openalex.org/W2876501978","https://openalex.org/W3021409525","https://openalex.org/W3194153339","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6640185401","https://openalex.org/W6649932519","https://openalex.org/W6686041922","https://openalex.org/W6696723914","https://openalex.org/W6739914785","https://openalex.org/W6743170142","https://openalex.org/W6776667571","https://openalex.org/W7073937782"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2525537761","https://openalex.org/W2072325087","https://openalex.org/W402593573","https://openalex.org/W2905789513","https://openalex.org/W2972424784","https://openalex.org/W1486589819","https://openalex.org/W1429720065","https://openalex.org/W2948909270","https://openalex.org/W1514490562","https://openalex.org/W2885114961"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fiducial":[0],"markers":[1,101,105],"are":[2,20],"images":[3],"or":[4],"landmarks":[5],"placed":[6],"in":[7,106,126],"real":[8],"environment,":[9],"typically":[10],"used":[11,120],"for":[12,23,121],"pose":[13],"estimation":[14],"and":[15,68,71,89,102,108],"camera":[16],"tracking.":[17],"Reliable":[18],"fiducials":[19,125],"strongly":[21],"desired":[22],"many":[24],"augmented":[25],"reality":[26],"(AR)":[27],"applications,":[28],"but":[29],"currently":[30],"there":[31],"is":[32,139],"no":[33],"systematic":[34],"method":[35],"to":[36,52,62,72,128],"design":[37,55],"highly":[38,123],"reliable":[39,124],"fiducials.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42],"paper,":[43],"we":[44],"present":[45],"fiducial":[46],"marker":[47],"optimizer":[48],"(FMO),":[49],"a":[50,82],"tool":[51],"optimize":[53],"the":[54,79,87,95,111,134],"attributes":[56],"of":[57],"ARToolKit":[58,107],"markers,":[59],"including":[60],"black":[61],"white":[63],"(B:W)":[64],"ratio,":[65],"edge":[66],"sharpness,":[67],"information":[69],"complexity,":[70],"reduce":[73],"inter-marker":[74],"confusion.":[75],"For":[76],"these":[77],"operations,":[78],"FMO":[80,103,117],"provides":[81],"user":[83],"friendly":[84],"interface":[85],"at":[86,94],"front-end":[88],"specialized":[90],"image":[91],"processing":[92],"algorithms":[93],"back-end.":[96],"We":[97],"tested":[98],"manually":[99],"designed":[100],"optimized":[104],"found":[109],"that":[110],"latter":[112],"were":[113],"more":[114],"robust.":[115],"The":[116],"will":[118,132],"be":[119],"designing":[122],"easy":[127],"use":[129],"fashion.":[130],"It":[131],"improve":[133],"application's":[135],"performance,":[136],"where":[137],"it":[138],"used.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2018-03-29T00:00:00"}