{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2793019230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2799678","title":"GNSS Augmentation by FM Radio Symbiosis","display_name":"GNSS Augmentation by FM Radio Symbiosis","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2793019230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2799678","mag":"2793019230"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2799678","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2799678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2799678","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018679281","display_name":"Xi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3671-6425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua Space Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Space Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089637502","display_name":"Guanghua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1260-5245"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanghua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Skycaster Microelectronics Inc., Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Skycaster Microelectronics Inc., Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005072193","display_name":"Chunxiao Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3703-121X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunxiao Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua Space Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Space Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051198089","display_name":"Sheng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9947-9968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua Space Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Space Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018679281"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.7827,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73197595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"5162","last_page":"5169"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.8749289512634277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7592116594314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadcasting","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","score":0.5137141942977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4856668710708618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.45584338903427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-audio-broadcasting","display_name":"Digital audio broadcasting","score":0.4316735565662384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4046868681907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.3536357283592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2647831439971924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.8749289512634277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7592116594314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110157686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922122","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5137141942977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4856668710708618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.45584338903427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779106878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1257510","display_name":"Digital audio broadcasting","level":2,"score":0.4316735565662384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4046868681907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.3536357283592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2647831439971924}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2799678","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2799678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0c2f26fb464b4f2580d9f817ac3d7b73","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0c2f26fb464b4f2580d9f817ac3d7b73","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 5162-5169 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2799678","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2799678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1397008357","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61671264","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3400019797","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91638205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W209607733","https://openalex.org/W2042284175","https://openalex.org/W2071053013","https://openalex.org/W2088195248","https://openalex.org/W2166383582","https://openalex.org/W2344992754","https://openalex.org/W2418864257","https://openalex.org/W2515404446","https://openalex.org/W2576845151","https://openalex.org/W2588151259"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2606296569","https://openalex.org/W2375040471","https://openalex.org/W2068158190","https://openalex.org/W2916802843","https://openalex.org/W2064660797","https://openalex.org/W4387714868","https://openalex.org/W2071552392","https://openalex.org/W20579766","https://openalex.org/W4396749081","https://openalex.org/W4392115504"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emerging":[0],"applications,":[1],"such":[2],"as":[3],"improved":[4,203],"all-weather":[5],"safety":[6],"for":[7,49,138,201],"self-driving":[8],"vehicles,":[9],"require":[10],"public":[11,32,83,109],"positioning":[12,216],"precision":[13,191],"and":[14,35,46,60,65,151,206,257],"reliability":[15],"beyond":[16],"the":[17,81,113,140,145,157,193,226,231],"capability":[18],"of":[19,52,115,117,184],"open":[20],"global":[21],"navigation":[22,68],"satellite":[23],"system":[24,173],"(GNSS)":[25],"services.":[26],"To":[27],"meet":[28],"these":[29],"requirements,":[30],"next-generation":[31,108],"positioning,":[33],"navigation,":[34],"time":[36,198],"(PNT)":[37],"services":[38,111],"should:":[39],"1)":[40,176],"deliver":[41,196],"ubiquitously":[42],"available":[43],"differential":[44],"corrections":[45],"assistance":[47,200],"information":[48,95],"massive":[50,182],"numbers":[51,183],"concurrent":[53,185],"users":[54],"with":[55,144,266],"fixed":[56],"delay,":[57],"indoor":[58],"penetration":[59],"stable":[61],"bit":[62],"rate":[63],"signals":[64,69],"2)":[66,195],"have":[67],"that":[70,80,174,245],"are":[71],"extremely":[72],"enriched":[73],"against":[74],"challenging":[75],"scenarios.":[76],"The":[77],"dilemma":[78],"is":[79,223,246],"free-of-charge":[82],"PNT":[84,110],"service":[85],"makes":[86],"it":[87],"a":[88,93,100,170,241,249],"formidable":[89],"challenge":[90,221,239],"to":[91,181,188,211,224],"build":[92],"dedicated":[94],"infrastructure.":[96],"In":[97,119],"this":[98,120,162,238],"context,":[99],"natural":[101],"question":[102],"arises:":[103],"where":[104],"should":[105],"we":[106,122,131,167],"seek":[107],"in":[112,149,152],"age":[114],"Internet":[116],"Things?":[118],"paper,":[121],"propose":[123,132,169],"GNSS":[124,133,171,186,199,213],"augmentation":[125,172],"by":[126,248,260],"FM":[127,147,159,236],"radio":[128,148],"symbiosis.":[129],"Specifically,":[130],"augmentation-optimized":[134],"digital":[135,164,228],"data":[136,165],"broadcasting":[137],"which":[139],"signal":[141,229],"symbiotically":[142],"co-exists":[143],"analog":[146],"band":[150],"channel":[153],"without":[154],"sensibly":[155],"affecting":[156],"existing":[158],"service.":[160],"With":[161],"symbiotic":[163,227],"broadcasting,":[166],"then":[168],"can:":[175],"broadcast":[177],"real-time":[178],"kinematics":[179],"correction":[180],"receivers":[187],"achieve":[189],"outdoor":[190],"at":[192],"centimeter-level;":[194],"fine":[197],"significantly":[202],"receiver":[204],"sensitivity;":[205],"3)":[207],"provide":[208],"common-view":[209],"timing":[210],"enable":[212],"independent":[214],"ground":[215],"beacon":[217],"signals.":[218],"A":[219,253],"prime":[220],"therein":[222],"separate":[225],"from":[230],"much":[232],"stronger,":[233],"spectrum-overlapping":[234],"co-channel":[235],"signal;":[237],"represents":[240],"non-orthogonal":[242],"de-multiplexing":[243],"problem":[244],"solved":[247],"novel":[250],"modulation":[251],"structure.":[252],"prototype":[254],"was":[255],"designed,":[256],"field":[258],"tests":[259],"authorized":[261],"third":[262],"parties":[263],"were":[264],"conducted":[265],"excellent":[267],"results.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}