{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2782882332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2792451","title":"An Improved Optimal Sizing Methodology for Future Autonomous Residential Smart Power Systems","display_name":"An Improved Optimal Sizing Methodology for Future Autonomous Residential Smart Power Systems","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2782882332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2792451","mag":"2782882332"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2792451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2792451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2792451","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039539786","display_name":"Umer Akram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2757-1287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Umer Akram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046390178","display_name":"Muhammad Khalid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7779-5348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Khalid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090360842","display_name":"Saifullah Shafiq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-4776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saifullah Shafiq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039539786"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.671,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":98,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97207491,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"5986","last_page":"6000"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.7174983024597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.6978757977485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.6092331409454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.6088225841522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.5998120903968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","score":0.5441476106643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5203704237937927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5115476846694946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-generation","display_name":"Electricity generation","score":0.47787609696388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diesel-generator","display_name":"Diesel generator","score":0.44284144043922424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.35256022214889526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diesel-fuel","display_name":"Diesel fuel","score":0.34913888573646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3107912242412567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24238193035125732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16105452179908752}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.7174983024597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.6978757977485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6092331409454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.6088225841522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5998120903968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.5441476106643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5203704237937927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5115476846694946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.47787609696388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776301318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q963375","display_name":"Diesel generator","level":3,"score":0.44284144043922424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.35256022214889526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138171918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38423","display_name":"Diesel fuel","level":2,"score":0.34913888573646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3107912242412567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24238193035125732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16105452179908752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2792451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2792451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b76faa25eded4cfa831de5ece4efcc31","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b76faa25eded4cfa831de5ece4efcc31","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 5986-6000 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace.library.uq.edu.au:UQ:fdca822","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402388","display_name":"Queensland's institutional digital repository (The University of Queensland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","host_organization_name":"The University of Queensland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2792451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2792451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2862066651","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IN161038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322323","funder_display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322323","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W424832857","https://openalex.org/W1099590895","https://openalex.org/W1974281287","https://openalex.org/W1974901594","https://openalex.org/W1981585916","https://openalex.org/W1983820316","https://openalex.org/W1983893582","https://openalex.org/W1993310746","https://openalex.org/W1994720685","https://openalex.org/W2011519564","https://openalex.org/W2011996456","https://openalex.org/W2026343385","https://openalex.org/W2036894903","https://openalex.org/W2037422242","https://openalex.org/W2047505253","https://openalex.org/W2056180942","https://openalex.org/W2061142262","https://openalex.org/W2061902449","https://openalex.org/W2063866856","https://openalex.org/W2063996928","https://openalex.org/W2071811401","https://openalex.org/W2080392394","https://openalex.org/W2095336009","https://openalex.org/W2096190458","https://openalex.org/W2101060125","https://openalex.org/W2102501485","https://openalex.org/W2119866123","https://openalex.org/W2140702005","https://openalex.org/W2153492240","https://openalex.org/W2159088483","https://openalex.org/W2281560025","https://openalex.org/W2282358361","https://openalex.org/W2288090062","https://openalex.org/W2302819922","https://openalex.org/W2305203893","https://openalex.org/W2329378869","https://openalex.org/W2333242453","https://openalex.org/W2337265230","https://openalex.org/W2344522751","https://openalex.org/W2410659644","https://openalex.org/W2417800977","https://openalex.org/W2436619053","https://openalex.org/W2509918487","https://openalex.org/W2511588990","https://openalex.org/W2527754814","https://openalex.org/W2551402641","https://openalex.org/W2585145871","https://openalex.org/W2588091896","https://openalex.org/W2735511814","https://openalex.org/W2736048893","https://openalex.org/W2740060400","https://openalex.org/W2742733421","https://openalex.org/W2746868218","https://openalex.org/W2750393966","https://openalex.org/W2753871099","https://openalex.org/W2762126907","https://openalex.org/W2763271516","https://openalex.org/W2765733327","https://openalex.org/W2773514932","https://openalex.org/W4205492298","https://openalex.org/W6682718589"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574359403","https://openalex.org/W2057975886","https://openalex.org/W4308700935","https://openalex.org/W4210780382","https://openalex.org/W2356033827","https://openalex.org/W2532566870","https://openalex.org/W4220876800","https://openalex.org/W4210475462","https://openalex.org/W3005622763","https://openalex.org/W1971498168"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accelerated":[0],"development":[1],"of":[2,19,29,48,62,96,110,205,217,240,246,253,264],"eco-friendly":[3],"technologies,":[4],"such":[5],"as":[6,272],"renewable":[7],"energy":[8,84,197],"(RE),":[9],"smart":[10],"grids,":[11],"and":[12,23,39,82,117,142,151,165,195,203,221,234,249,256,280],"electric":[13,20,101],"transportation":[14],"will":[15,43],"shape":[16],"the":[17,46,58,124,135,157,187,201,206,225,231,238,244,262],"future":[18],"power":[21,26,31,49],"generation":[22,50,114,139],"supply.":[24],"The":[25,88,106,145,208],"consumption":[27],"characteristics":[28],"modern":[30],"systems":[32],"are":[33,120],"designed":[34],"to":[35,122,154,186,200,223,229],"be":[36,270],"more":[37],"flexible":[38],"easily":[40],"controllable,":[41],"which":[42,128],"also":[44],"affect":[45],"sizing":[47],"system.":[51,207],"This":[52,267],"paper":[53],"presents":[54],"a":[55,63,91,178,273],"methodology":[56],"for":[57,181,213,276],"joint":[59],"capacity":[60,125],"optimization":[61,126,147,209],"typical":[64,97],"residential":[65,92,98],"standalone":[66,179],"microgrid":[67],"(MG)":[68],"employing":[69],"RE":[70,136],"sources,":[71,137],"i.e.,":[72],"solar":[73],"photovoltaic":[74],"(PV),":[75],"wind":[76],"turbines":[77],"(WTs),":[78],"diesel":[79,113,138],"generators":[80,248],"(DGs),":[81],"battery":[83],"storage":[85],"system":[86],"(BESS).":[87],"MG":[89],"supplies":[90],"community":[93],"load":[94,99,119,232,241],"comprising":[95],"plus":[100],"vehicles":[102],"(EVs)":[103],"charging":[104],"load.":[105,144],"realistic":[107,131],"mathematical":[108],"models":[109],"PV,":[111,218],"WT,":[112,219],"system,":[115,140],"BESS,":[116,141],"EV":[118,143],"formulated":[121,150],"improve":[123],"methodology,":[127],"involves":[129],"various":[130],"constraints":[132],"associated":[133],"with":[134,192],"labyrinthine":[146],"problem":[148,210],"is":[149,184,198,211,259],"solved":[152,212],"innovatively":[153],"1)":[155],"minimize":[156],"cost;":[158],"2)":[159],"reduce":[160],"greenhouse":[161],"gases":[162],"(GHG)":[163],"emissions;":[164],"3)":[166],"curtail":[167],"dump":[168,196],"energy.":[169],"All":[170],"three":[171],"objectives":[172],"have":[173],"special":[174],"significance":[175],"in":[176,251],"designing":[177],"MG,":[180],"example,":[182],"cost":[183,255],"related":[185,199],"economics,":[188],"GHG":[189,257],"emissions":[190,258],"deal":[191],"global":[193],"warming,":[194],"stability":[202],"economics":[204],"different":[214],"possible":[215,227],"combinations":[216],"DG,":[220],"BESS":[222,250],"determine":[224],"best":[226],"combination":[228],"serve":[230],"effectively":[233],"economically.":[235],"In":[236],"addition,":[237],"impact":[239],"shifting":[242],"on":[243],"sizes":[245],"distributed":[247],"terms":[252],"per-unit":[254],"analyzed":[260],"using":[261],"concept":[263],"controllable":[265],"loads.":[266],"study":[268],"could":[269],"assumed":[271],"powerful":[274],"roadmap":[275],"decision":[277],"makers,":[278],"analysts,":[279],"policy":[281],"makers.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
