{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2772726293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2780087","title":"Edge of Things: The Big Picture on the Integration of Edge, IoT and the Cloud in a Distributed Computing Environment","display_name":"Edge of Things: The Big Picture on the Integration of Edge, IoT and the Cloud in a Distributed Computing Environment","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2772726293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2780087","mag":"2772726293"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2780087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2780087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2780087","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017149914","display_name":"Hesham El\u2010Sayed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7488-0915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hesham El-Sayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Technology, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7488-0915","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Technology, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006445412","display_name":"Sharmi Sankar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119174","display_name":"College of Applied Sciences- Ibri","ror":"https://ror.org/02h5h0a06","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119174","https://openalex.org/I4210130707"]}],"countries":["OM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharmi Sankar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Ibri College of Applied Sciences (MoHE), Ibri, Oman"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Ibri College of Applied Sciences (MoHE), Ibri, Oman","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119174"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mukesh Prasad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9719-2253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mukesh Prasad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Artifical Intelligence, FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9719-2253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Artifical Intelligence, FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053366157","display_name":"Deepak Puthal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8332-278X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepak Puthal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Data Engineering, FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101232161","display_name":"Akshansh Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7016-3361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152429107","display_name":"Jawaharlal Nehru University","ror":"https://ror.org/0567v8t28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152429107"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akshansh Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Systems Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Systems Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152429107"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019420922","display_name":"Manoranjan Mohanty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0258-4586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120250893","display_name":"New York University Abu Dhabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00e5k0821","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120250893","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manoranjan Mohanty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Cyber Security, New York University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Cyber Security, New York University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120250893"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058936239","display_name":"Chin\u2010Teng Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8371-8197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chin-Teng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Artifical Intelligence, FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Artifical Intelligence, FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017149914"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":36.8808,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":431,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99835226,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"1706","last_page":"1717"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.8311059474945068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8077331781387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.7158722877502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5261076092720032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.48696526885032654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytics","display_name":"Analytics","score":0.4816781282424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4726623296737671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4685547947883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.4665650427341461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.4647355079650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.45808613300323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.457919716835022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.18549779057502747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15360718965530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10818248987197876}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.8311059474945068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8077331781387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.7158722877502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5261076092720032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.48696526885032654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.4816781282424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4726623296737671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4685547947883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.4665650427341461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.4647355079650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.45808613300323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.457919716835022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.18549779057502747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15360718965530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10818248987197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2780087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2780087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eebde3fa0ae74054841796901a2e02e1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eebde3fa0ae74054841796901a2e02e1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 1706-1717 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.lib.uts.edu.au:10453/124040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10453/124040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401357","display_name":"UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","host_organization_name":"University of Technology Sydney","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2780087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2780087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2125560635","https://openalex.org/W2195423816","https://openalex.org/W2344423009","https://openalex.org/W2400861403","https://openalex.org/W2416799949","https://openalex.org/W2466440336","https://openalex.org/W2473777811","https://openalex.org/W2484645626","https://openalex.org/W2515329741","https://openalex.org/W2521824271","https://openalex.org/W2531437790","https://openalex.org/W2536587200","https://openalex.org/W2561715741","https://openalex.org/W2566568225","https://openalex.org/W2580038204","https://openalex.org/W2586361965","https://openalex.org/W2586541704","https://openalex.org/W2587396713","https://openalex.org/W2594560857","https://openalex.org/W2599796255","https://openalex.org/W2603810864","https://openalex.org/W2608729772","https://openalex.org/W2608841173","https://openalex.org/W2612053292","https://openalex.org/W2615459164","https://openalex.org/W2621980167","https://openalex.org/W2622162807","https://openalex.org/W2625134549","https://openalex.org/W2626135596","https://openalex.org/W2626588362","https://openalex.org/W2626743332","https://openalex.org/W2696510152","https://openalex.org/W2747537200","https://openalex.org/W2753220989","https://openalex.org/W3103591951","https://openalex.org/W3106445841","https://openalex.org/W6739695935"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W4238233472","https://openalex.org/W4313463218","https://openalex.org/W4312996489","https://openalex.org/W3111395152","https://openalex.org/W4313526662","https://openalex.org/W3106131444","https://openalex.org/W3216099748","https://openalex.org/W4205963435","https://openalex.org/W4319161913"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"centralized":[1,142,188],"infrastructure":[2],"system":[3,272],"carries":[4],"out":[5],"existing":[6,35],"data":[7,129],"analytics":[8,130],"and":[9,21,41,61,72,100,125,131,157,197,207,224,234,273],"decision-making":[10],"processes":[11],"from":[12,186],"our":[13],"current":[14],"highly":[15],"virtualized":[16],"platform":[17],"of":[18,24,77,96,105,115,178,226,239],"wireless":[19],"networks":[20],"the":[22,54,70,91,94,103,107,113,138,151,179,184,191,193,198,222,231,245,250,252,265],"Internet":[23],"Things":[25],"(IoT)":[26],"applications.":[27],"There":[28],"is":[29,87],"a":[30,50,80,141,187,236],"high":[31,51],"possibility":[32],"that":[33,181,255],"these":[34,67],"methods":[36],"will":[37],"encounter":[38],"more":[39],"challenges":[40,267],"issues":[42],"in":[43,49,53,69,249,268],"relation":[44],"to":[45,59,65,89,112,190,201,213,220],"network":[46,55,71,116,175,247],"dynamics,":[47],"resulting":[48],"overhead":[52],"response":[56,169],"time,":[57],"leading":[58],"latency":[60],"traffic.":[62],"In":[63],"order":[64],"avoid":[66],"problems":[68],"achieve":[73],"an":[74,270],"optimum":[75],"level":[76],"resource":[78,205],"utilization,":[79],"new":[81,97],"paradigm":[82],"called":[83],"edge":[84,114,232],"computing":[85,241,262],"(EC)":[86],"proposed":[88],"pave":[90],"way":[92],"for":[93,140],"evolution":[95],"age":[98],"applications":[99,164],"services.":[101],"With":[102],"integration":[104],"EC,":[106,166],"processing":[108],"capabilities":[109],"are":[110,134,160,210,277],"pushed":[111],"devices":[117],"such":[118,147,203],"as":[119,148,171,173,204],"smart":[120,149,152,154,158],"phones,":[121],"sensor":[122],"nodes,":[123],"wearables,":[124],"on-board":[126],"units,":[127],"where":[128],"knowledge":[132],"generation":[133],"performed":[135],"which":[136],"removes":[137],"necessity":[139],"system.":[143],"Many":[144],"IoT":[145],"applications,":[146],"cities,":[150],"grid,":[153],"traffic":[155],"lights,":[156],"vehicles,":[159],"rapidly":[161],"upgrading":[162],"their":[163],"with":[165],"significantly":[167],"improving":[168],"time":[170],"well":[172],"conserving":[174],"resources.":[176],"Irrespective":[177],"fact":[180],"EC":[182,196,256,271],"shifts":[183],"workload":[185],"cloud":[189,199,240,261],"edge,":[192],"analogy":[194],"between":[195],"pertaining":[200],"factors":[202],"management":[206],"computation":[208],"optimization":[209],"still":[211],"open":[212],"research":[214,266,275],"studies.":[215],"Hence,":[216],"this":[217],"paper":[218],"aims":[219],"validate":[221],"efficiency":[223],"resourcefulness":[225],"EC.":[227],"We":[228],"extensively":[229],"survey":[230],"systems":[233,257],"present":[235],"comparative":[237],"study":[238],"systems.":[242,263],"After":[243],"analyzing":[244],"different":[246],"properties":[248],"system,":[251],"results":[253],"show":[254],"perform":[258],"better":[259],"than":[260],"Finally,":[264],"implementing":[269],"future":[274],"directions":[276],"discussed.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":69},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":69},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":73},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":24}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}