{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2769770319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2778184","title":"An Electrically Actuated DC-to-11-GHz Liquid-Metal Switch","display_name":"An Electrically Actuated DC-to-11-GHz Liquid-Metal Switch","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2769770319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2778184","mag":"2769770319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2778184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2778184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2778184","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058067257","display_name":"Matthew R. Moorefield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4674-6441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331384533","display_name":"University of Hawaii System","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzaeb71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthew R. Moorefield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawai\u2018i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA","ORCiD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawai\u2018i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063850339","display_name":"Ryan C. Gough","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-9283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331384533","display_name":"University of Hawaii System","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzaeb71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan C. Gough","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawai\u2018i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA","ORCiD","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawai\u2018i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068511935","display_name":"Aaron T. Ohta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3789-897X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331384533","display_name":"University of Hawaii System","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzaeb71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron T. Ohta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawai\u2018i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA","ORCiD","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawai\u2018i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078109674","display_name":"Wayne A. Shiroma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1294-2703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331384533","display_name":"University of Hawaii System","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzaeb71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wayne A. Shiroma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawai\u2018i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA","ORCiD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawai\u2018i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058067257"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899","https://openalex.org/I1331384533"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.1686,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80904763,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"1261","last_page":"1266"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7599761486053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insertion-loss","display_name":"Insertion loss","score":0.660106897354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.6383547782897949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shunt","display_name":"Shunt (medical)","score":0.5772314667701721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.5483461618423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.542927622795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rf-switch","display_name":"RF switch","score":0.5384860038757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4618017077445984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-metal","display_name":"Liquid metal","score":0.44730186462402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09731128811836243}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7599761486053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90327742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947396","display_name":"Insertion loss","level":2,"score":0.660106897354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.6383547782897949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780968331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1890115","display_name":"Shunt (medical)","level":2,"score":0.5772314667701721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.5483461618423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.542927622795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781283035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571939","display_name":"RF switch","level":3,"score":0.5384860038757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4618017077445984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778492893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6557453","display_name":"Liquid metal","level":2,"score":0.44730186462402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09731128811836243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2778184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2778184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:105c0cc246f54a478864d915c326497c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/105c0cc246f54a478864d915c326497c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 1261-1266 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2778184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2778184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6501465384","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-1546980","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","funder_display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01krpsy48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480561088","https://openalex.org/W1504372663","https://openalex.org/W1602930144","https://openalex.org/W1984609162","https://openalex.org/W2011129563","https://openalex.org/W2032764933","https://openalex.org/W2092638653","https://openalex.org/W2103791073","https://openalex.org/W2127384248","https://openalex.org/W2131195388","https://openalex.org/W2151063673","https://openalex.org/W2258934590","https://openalex.org/W2347081047","https://openalex.org/W2517501125","https://openalex.org/W2521721009","https://openalex.org/W2593167131"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2365912011","https://openalex.org/W2743147755","https://openalex.org/W4312352150","https://openalex.org/W2359032066","https://openalex.org/W1510209644","https://openalex.org/W4252105747","https://openalex.org/W2146937285","https://openalex.org/W2784319604","https://openalex.org/W1554539010","https://openalex.org/W2128281921"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"liquid-metal":[1],"RF":[2,14],"shunt":[3],"switch":[4,26,49],"is":[5],"presented":[6],"that":[7],"combines":[8],"a":[9],"dielectric":[10],"spacer":[11],"over":[12],"the":[13,33],"path":[15],"with":[16],"electrolyte-filled":[17],"capillary":[18],"troughs":[19],"to":[20,35,45,58],"facilitate":[21],"low-power":[22],"electrical":[23],"actuation.":[24],"The":[25],"demonstrates":[27],"between":[28,51],"20and":[29],"30-dB":[30],"isolation":[31,42],"in":[32],"dc":[34,57],"5-GHz":[36],"range,":[37],"and":[38],"greater":[39],"than":[40],"10-dB":[41],"from":[43,56],"5":[44,59],"11":[46],"GHz.":[47,60],"This":[48],"has":[50],"0.2and":[52],"1.2-dB":[53],"insertion":[54],"loss":[55]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}