{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2766810027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2767622","title":"A Patch-Based Saliency Detection Method for Assessing the Visual Privacy Levels of Objects in Photos","display_name":"A Patch-Based Saliency Detection Method for Assessing the Visual Privacy Levels of Objects in Photos","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2766810027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2767622","mag":"2766810027"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2767622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2767622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2767622","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108047728","display_name":"Xuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9172-4105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9172-4105","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101428481","display_name":"Dehua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3669-7052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dehua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101561407","display_name":"Yang Zhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9768-2356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100367141","display_name":"Weiwei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3359-0556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155232","display_name":"Fiberhome Technology Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04yv20134","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155232"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fiberhome Telecommunication Technologies Co.,Ltd., Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fiberhome Telecommunication Technologies Co.,Ltd., Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155232"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.739,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81246204,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"24332","last_page":"24343"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8455082178115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5785242319107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5403286814689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.49972963333129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-sensitivity","display_name":"Information sensitivity","score":0.4836746156215668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.482954204082489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4716804623603821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45956355333328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-protection","display_name":"Privacy protection","score":0.4573274850845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4442567825317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-information-retrieval","display_name":"Private information retrieval","score":0.41844186186790466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3393692672252655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.30232352018356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.13987404108047485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.11609700322151184}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8455082178115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5785242319107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5403286814689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.49972963333129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137822555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2587068","display_name":"Information sensitivity","level":2,"score":0.4836746156215668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.482954204082489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4716804623603821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45956355333328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017597292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25052250","display_name":"Privacy protection","level":2,"score":0.4573274850845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4442567825317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99221444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532069","display_name":"Private information retrieval","level":2,"score":0.41844186186790466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3393692672252655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.30232352018356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.13987404108047485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11609700322151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2767622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2767622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:540a1c1ec3c949f787a5e347418bbd82","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/540a1c1ec3c949f787a5e347418bbd82","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 5, Pp 24332-24343 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2767622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2767622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555385401","https://openalex.org/W1648971828","https://openalex.org/W1808845203","https://openalex.org/W1981228217","https://openalex.org/W1982075130","https://openalex.org/W2002781701","https://openalex.org/W2010181071","https://openalex.org/W2026254891","https://openalex.org/W2026726159","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2037954058","https://openalex.org/W2061802763","https://openalex.org/W2066624635","https://openalex.org/W2067191635","https://openalex.org/W2075487373","https://openalex.org/W2086511124","https://openalex.org/W2088049833","https://openalex.org/W2096975613","https://openalex.org/W2100470808","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2124141313","https://openalex.org/W2128272608","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2133589685","https://openalex.org/W2135957164","https://openalex.org/W2147367286","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2278016622","https://openalex.org/W2300027620","https://openalex.org/W2559975580","https://openalex.org/W2603030245","https://openalex.org/W2950274894","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W4239147634","https://openalex.org/W6636914475","https://openalex.org/W6653248861","https://openalex.org/W6672077861","https://openalex.org/W6680096826","https://openalex.org/W6680437723","https://openalex.org/W7014768956"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134446890","https://openalex.org/W3090657597","https://openalex.org/W2172222246","https://openalex.org/W118448456","https://openalex.org/W2596305496","https://openalex.org/W2260680879","https://openalex.org/W4295796801","https://openalex.org/W2997789329","https://openalex.org/W2943258398","https://openalex.org/W3013220361"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Photo":[0],"privacy":[1,16,36,96,104,227,236,258],"protection":[2],"has":[3],"recently":[4],"received":[5],"increasing":[6],"attention":[7],"from":[8],"the":[9,12,65,69,73,78,89,100,127,140,179,215,235,251],"public.":[10],"However,":[11],"overprotection":[13],"of":[14,35,68,91,102,118,129,182,193,206,217,238],"photo":[15,49,125,242],"by":[17,243],"hiding":[18],"too":[19],"much":[20],"visual":[21,30,52,66,92,103,141],"information":[22,31,53,94,131,143,181],"can":[23,38,55],"make":[24],"photos":[25],"meaningless.":[26],"To":[27,147],"avoid":[28],"this,":[29],"with":[32,149,167,196],"different":[33],"degrees":[34],"sensitivity":[37],"be":[39],"filtered":[40],"out":[41],"using":[42,250],"various":[43],"image-processing":[44],"techniques.":[45],"Objects":[46],"in":[47,123,145,189,240],"a":[48,116,124,135,155,162,190,200,225,241,265],"usually":[50],"contain":[51],"that":[54,105,160],"potentially":[56],"reveal":[57],"private":[58,142],"information;":[59],"this":[60,82,109],"potential":[61],"depends":[62],"on":[63,72,95],"both":[64],"saliency":[67,93,130,157,164,180,219],"objects":[70,79,106,122,176,239],"and":[71,97,132,177,199,233,249],"specific":[74],"categories":[75],"to":[76,86,172,214,230,264],"which":[77,211],"belong.":[80],"In":[81],"paper,":[83],"we":[84,152,223],"aim":[85],"quantitatively":[87],"evaluate":[88,99],"influence":[90],"objectively":[98],"levels":[101],"contain.":[107],"Meeting":[108],"objective":[110],"faces":[111],"two":[112],"challenges:":[113],"1)":[114],"determining":[115,134],"method":[117,137,159,187,260],"effectively":[119,173],"detecting":[120],"generic":[121],"for":[126,138],"extraction":[128],"2)":[133],"scientific":[136],"assessing":[139],"contained":[144],"objects.":[146],"cope":[148],"these":[150],"challenges,":[151],"first":[153],"propose":[154],"hierarchical":[156],"detection":[158,165,220],"combines":[161],"patch-based":[163],"strategy":[166,171],"an":[168,245],"objectness":[169],"estimation":[170],"locate":[174],"salient":[175],"obtain":[178],"each":[183],"object.":[184],"The":[185,255],"proposed":[186,256],"results":[188],"small":[191],"set":[192],"class-independent":[194],"locations":[195],"high":[197,267],"quality":[198],"mean":[201],"average":[202],"best":[203],"overlap":[204],"score":[205,216],"0.627":[207],"at":[208],"1150":[209],"locations,":[210],"is":[212],"superior":[213],"other":[218],"methods.":[221],"Second,":[222],"build":[224],"computational":[226,257],"assessment":[228,259],"system":[229],"scientifically":[231],"calculate":[232],"rank":[234],"risks":[237],"creating":[244],"improved":[246],"risk":[247],"matrix":[248],"Borda":[252],"count":[253],"method.":[254],"matches":[261],"human":[262],"evaluations":[263],"relatively":[266],"degree.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
