{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2766116203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2767074","title":"Evaluation of Children\u2019s Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields of Mobile Phones Using Age-Specific Head Models With Age-Dependent Dielectric Properties","display_name":"Evaluation of Children\u2019s Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields of Mobile Phones Using Age-Specific Head Models With Age-Dependent Dielectric Properties","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2766116203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2767074","mag":"2766116203"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2767074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2767074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2767074","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055681224","display_name":"Beadaa Mohammed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3333-1581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beadaa Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of ITEE, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ITEE, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100684964","display_name":"Jin Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6357-9329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of ITEE, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ITEE, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017903283","display_name":"Amin Abbosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-5883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin M. Abbosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of ITEE, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-5883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ITEE, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046291914","display_name":"Konstanty Bialkowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3461-0371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstanty S. Bialkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of ITEE, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ITEE, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066987395","display_name":"Mohamed Manoufali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9140-6529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Manoufali","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of ITEE, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9140-6529","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ITEE, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039207515","display_name":"\u202aStuart Crozier\u202c","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4036-2930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stuart Crozier","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of ITEE, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ITEE, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.2875,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76704055,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"27345","last_page":"27353"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10874","display_name":"Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10874","display_name":"Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11692","display_name":"Noise Effects and Management","score":0.9621999859809875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3616","display_name":"Speech and Hearing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specific-absorption-rate","display_name":"Specific absorption rate","score":0.8891386985778809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-head","display_name":"Human head","score":0.647994875907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.6379228830337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head","display_name":"Head (geology)","score":0.6024014949798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-groups","display_name":"Age groups","score":0.5013935565948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-phone","display_name":"Mobile phone","score":0.4920739531517029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absorption","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","score":0.4712006747722626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-field","display_name":"Electromagnetic field","score":0.4293908178806305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-adult","display_name":"Young adult","score":0.4127300977706909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.39058637619018555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3443818688392639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.266981840133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2600077986717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1965896189212799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19319286942481995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1687723696231842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gerontology","display_name":"Gerontology","score":0.16375303268432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.15862604975700378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.1304805874824524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84237751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914138","display_name":"Specific absorption rate","level":3,"score":0.8891386985778809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780549717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409626","display_name":"Human head","level":3,"score":0.647994875907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.6379228830337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780312720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5689100","display_name":"Head (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6024014949798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986834420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5932254","display_name":"Age groups","level":2,"score":0.5013935565948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777421447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Mobile phone","level":2,"score":0.4920739531517029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125287762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.4712006747722626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28843909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177625","display_name":"Electromagnetic field","level":2,"score":0.4293908178806305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.4127300977706909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.39058637619018555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3443818688392639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.266981840133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2600077986717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1965896189212799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19319286942481995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1687723696231842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.16375303268432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.15862604975700378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.1304805874824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2767074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2767074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:969a6608a4734b9a89efe0095942792f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/969a6608a4734b9a89efe0095942792f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 5, Pp 27345-27353 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2767074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2767074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1736340262","https://openalex.org/W1887121397","https://openalex.org/W1964547100","https://openalex.org/W1975258121","https://openalex.org/W1979571517","https://openalex.org/W2001329277","https://openalex.org/W2017968177","https://openalex.org/W2038753111","https://openalex.org/W2044063584","https://openalex.org/W2048052925","https://openalex.org/W2059906541","https://openalex.org/W2095864300","https://openalex.org/W2097528799","https://openalex.org/W2110716479","https://openalex.org/W2114888892","https://openalex.org/W2128872022","https://openalex.org/W2135730658","https://openalex.org/W2137197828","https://openalex.org/W2140796340","https://openalex.org/W2146757034","https://openalex.org/W2148522008","https://openalex.org/W2157956411","https://openalex.org/W2163884578","https://openalex.org/W2165244092","https://openalex.org/W2165692157","https://openalex.org/W2171540483","https://openalex.org/W2190041528","https://openalex.org/W2194912465","https://openalex.org/W2264898188","https://openalex.org/W2283635835","https://openalex.org/W2329629776","https://openalex.org/W2527627179","https://openalex.org/W2535206797","https://openalex.org/W2605378552","https://openalex.org/W4302556171"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988275997","https://openalex.org/W3026384809","https://openalex.org/W1591490720","https://openalex.org/W2169404106","https://openalex.org/W4387907673","https://openalex.org/W2966175979","https://openalex.org/W3134680335","https://openalex.org/W1968059981","https://openalex.org/W2906048801","https://openalex.org/W102978354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Given":[0],"the":[1,15,37,49,61,78,86,100,114,134,157,173,189,213,217,229,236,257],"rapid":[2],"introduction":[3],"of":[4,18,31,39,51,75,82,88,103,141,175],"mobile":[5,128],"phones":[6],"and":[7,14,65,80,152,161,186,196],"other":[8],"portable":[9],"wireless":[10],"devices":[11],"into":[12],"society,":[13],"increased":[16],"possibility":[17],"young":[19,40,120,142,176,244],"children":[20,41,52,121,143,177],"using":[21,113,235],"or":[22,122],"being":[23],"exposed":[24],"to":[25,53,150,184,255],"electromagnetic":[26,54],"(EM)":[27],"fields,":[28,55],"a":[29,126,246],"study":[30],"specific":[32],"absorption":[33,170],"rate":[34],"(SAR)":[35],"in":[36,96,99,138,172,216,228],"head":[38,57,117,209,218,239],"is":[42,180],"becoming":[43],"increasingly":[44],"relevant.":[45],"To":[46],"accurately":[47],"evaluate":[48],"exposure":[50],"realistic":[56,238],"models,":[58],"which":[59,206],"consider":[60],"age-specific":[62],"anatomical":[63],"structure":[64],"age-dependent":[66,214,221],"tissues":[67,140],"dielectric":[68,101,223],"properties,":[69,224],"are":[70,111,146],"developed.":[71],"During":[72],"postnatal":[73],"development":[74],"human":[76],"tissues,":[77],"number":[79],"size":[81],"cells":[83],"increase":[84],"while":[85],"proportion":[87],"water":[89],"content":[90],"decreases.":[91],"Such":[92],"changes":[93,98],"result":[94],"generally":[95],"significant":[97],"properties":[102],"tissues.":[104],"The":[105,130,168,232],"SAR":[106,136,226],"levels":[107,137,227],"for":[108,191,243],"different":[109],"ages":[110],"investigated":[112,165],"developed":[115,237],"children's":[116,230],"models":[118,210,240],"when":[119],"their":[123],"parents":[124],"use":[125],"standard":[127],"phone.":[129],"results":[131,234],"show":[132],"that":[133,203,242],"maximum":[135],"brain":[139],"(3":[144,178],"months)":[145,179],"higher":[147,181],"by":[148,182],"up":[149,183],"61%":[151],"78%":[153],"than":[154,188],"adults":[155,192],"at":[156,193],"lowest":[158],"(700":[159],"MHz)":[160,164],"highest":[162],"(2600":[163],"frequencies,":[166],"respectively.":[167,199],"percentage":[169],"power":[171,251],"heads":[174],"40.6%":[185],"24%":[187],"values":[190],"700":[194],"MHz":[195],"2600":[197],"MHz,":[198],"Our":[200],"investigation":[201],"shows":[202],"previous":[204],"studies,":[205],"used":[207],"scaled":[208],"without":[211],"considering":[212],"variations":[215],"anatomy":[219],"and/or":[220],"tissues'":[222],"underestimated":[225],"heads.":[231],"obtained":[233],"indicate":[241],"children,":[245],"lower":[247],"limit":[248],"on":[249],"radiated":[250],"might":[252],"be":[253],"required":[254],"meet":[256],"acceptable":[258],"dosimetry":[259],"levels.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}