{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2766926079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2764518","title":"Nonlinear Multimode Industrial Process Fault Detection Using Modified Kernel Principal Component Analysis","display_name":"Nonlinear Multimode Industrial Process Fault Detection Using Modified Kernel Principal Component Analysis","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2766926079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2764518","mag":"2766926079"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2764518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2764518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2764518","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080805825","display_name":"Xiaogang Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9316-9539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaogang Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9316-9539","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109375371","display_name":"Na Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Na Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100703965","display_name":"Lei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7011-0633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.9758,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91580227,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"23121","last_page":"23132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.972000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Kernel principal component analysis","score":0.8749529719352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-density-estimation","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","score":0.651974618434906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.6447182893753052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.6121634244918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5916584730148315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5619405508041382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5415400266647339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5012776851654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4608006775379181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.44892311096191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.4246543049812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-order-statistics","display_name":"Higher-order statistics","score":0.42212656140327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4179578125476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.32738685607910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3191356956958771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-method","display_name":"Kernel method","score":0.2739274501800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.1921168565750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.16246667504310608}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182335926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17093020","display_name":"Kernel principal component analysis","level":4,"score":0.8749529719352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71134354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458825","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","level":3,"score":0.651974618434906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.6447182893753052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.6121634244918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5916584730148315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5619405508041382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5415400266647339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5012776851654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4608006775379181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.44892311096191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4246543049812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780576426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5757980","display_name":"Higher-order statistics","level":4,"score":0.42212656140327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4179578125476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.32738685607910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3191356956958771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122280245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620622","display_name":"Kernel method","level":3,"score":0.2739274501800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.1921168565750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.16246667504310608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2764518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2764518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:122435933e0a463298cd38e4179df35a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/122435933e0a463298cd38e4179df35a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 5, Pp 23121-23132 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2764518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2764518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1081108446","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2016FQ21","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2531874591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61273160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4123594431","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2014FL016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4324326478","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21606256","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5341087970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61403418","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6400628743","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2016BQ14","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W219084219","https://openalex.org/W1728456629","https://openalex.org/W1807338980","https://openalex.org/W1937143449","https://openalex.org/W1965134664","https://openalex.org/W1967066850","https://openalex.org/W1970461315","https://openalex.org/W1974156558","https://openalex.org/W1979553776","https://openalex.org/W1988455509","https://openalex.org/W1990384678","https://openalex.org/W1992844383","https://openalex.org/W1993267542","https://openalex.org/W1993930017","https://openalex.org/W1994505190","https://openalex.org/W1995235836","https://openalex.org/W2009883891","https://openalex.org/W2011054000","https://openalex.org/W2014241185","https://openalex.org/W2014540231","https://openalex.org/W2014619221","https://openalex.org/W2027681681","https://openalex.org/W2027807366","https://openalex.org/W2037927978","https://openalex.org/W2038180527","https://openalex.org/W2057130336","https://openalex.org/W2060776628","https://openalex.org/W2063255184","https://openalex.org/W2066102264","https://openalex.org/W2068193536","https://openalex.org/W2068561554","https://openalex.org/W2076997107","https://openalex.org/W2086410427","https://openalex.org/W2098571698","https://openalex.org/W2119904651","https://openalex.org/W2129905273","https://openalex.org/W2139833307","https://openalex.org/W2140095548","https://openalex.org/W2142231140","https://openalex.org/W2145159661","https://openalex.org/W2170447682","https://openalex.org/W2315308166","https://openalex.org/W2322097696","https://openalex.org/W2344734818","https://openalex.org/W2344745309","https://openalex.org/W2347027361","https://openalex.org/W2431033487","https://openalex.org/W2442657908","https://openalex.org/W2470068462","https://openalex.org/W2519348275","https://openalex.org/W2520169384","https://openalex.org/W2522176240","https://openalex.org/W2550729902","https://openalex.org/W2568466811","https://openalex.org/W2606788990","https://openalex.org/W4233014035"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2379488555","https://openalex.org/W2753886092","https://openalex.org/W2152632846","https://openalex.org/W1992961908","https://openalex.org/W2014683590","https://openalex.org/W3138125914","https://openalex.org/W2359742711","https://openalex.org/W4404440911","https://openalex.org/W2139392257","https://openalex.org/W2474947501"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Kernel":[0],"principal":[1],"component":[2],"analysis":[3,127],"(KPCA)":[4],"has":[5,182],"been":[6],"a":[7,43],"state-of-the-art":[8],"nonlinear":[9,36],"process":[10,123],"monitoring":[11],"method.":[12,84,193],"However,":[13],"KPCA":[14,45,58,83,154,192],"assumes":[15],"the":[16,21,35,49,61,81,87,101,111,118,122,145,150,159,170,178,183,190],"single":[17],"operation":[18,29],"mode":[19],"while":[20],"real":[22],"industrial":[23,91],"processes":[24,38],"often":[25],"run":[26],"under":[27],"multiple":[28],"conditions.":[30],"In":[31,60],"order":[32],"to":[33,54,79,99,131],"monitor":[34],"multimode":[37,88],"effectively,":[39],"this":[40],"paper":[41],"proposes":[42],"modified":[44],"method":[46,181],"assisted":[47],"by":[48],"local":[50,56,69,93],"statistical":[51,119],"analysis,":[52,76],"referred":[53],"as":[55],"statistics":[57,74,125,146,160],"(LSKPCA).":[59],"proposed":[62,179],"method,":[63],"two":[64],"kinds":[65],"of":[66,90,135,149],"strategies,":[67],"including":[68,137],"probability":[70,94,106],"density":[71,95,107],"estimation":[72,96],"and":[73,140,169],"pattern":[75,126,147,161],"are":[77],"integrated":[78],"improve":[80],"traditional":[82],"To":[85],"handle":[86],"characteristic":[89],"processes,":[92],"is":[97,129,156],"developed":[98],"transform":[100],"monitored":[102,151],"variables":[103],"into":[104],"their":[105],"values,":[108],"which":[109,143],"follow":[110],"unimodal":[112],"data":[113],"distribution.":[114],"For":[115],"further":[116],"extracting":[117],"information":[120],"among":[121],"data,":[124],"technique":[128],"applied":[130],"capture":[132],"various":[133],"orders":[134],"statistics,":[136],"one-order,":[138],"second-order,":[139],"high-order":[141],"ones,":[142],"constitute":[144],"matrix":[148],"data.":[152],"Furthermore,":[153],"modeling":[155],"performed":[157],"on":[158,165],"matrix.":[162],"The":[163],"simulations":[164],"one":[166],"numerical":[167],"example":[168],"continuous":[171],"stirred":[172],"tank":[173],"reactor":[174],"system":[175],"demonstrate":[176],"that":[177],"LSKPCA":[180],"superior":[184],"fault":[185],"detection":[186],"performance":[187],"compared":[188],"with":[189],"conventional":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}