{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2766738988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2763419","title":"Feature Fusion for Fingerprint Liveness Detection: a Comparative Study","display_name":"Feature Fusion for Fingerprint Liveness Detection: a Comparative Study","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2766738988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2763419","mag":"2766738988"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2763419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2763419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2763419","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074313429","display_name":"Amirhosein Toosi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6432-9428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amirhosein Toosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Polit\u00e9cnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Polit\u00e9cnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040856490","display_name":"A. Bottino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8894-5089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Bottino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Polit\u00e9cnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8894-5089","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Polit\u00e9cnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015516603","display_name":"Sandro Cumani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6036-0065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandro Cumani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Polit\u00e9cnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Polit\u00e9cnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062944593","display_name":"Pablo Negri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0250-5208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24354313","display_name":"Universidad de Buenos Aires","ror":"https://ror.org/0081fs513","country_code":"AR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24354313"]}],"countries":["AR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Negri","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Scientific and Technical Research Council, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Scientific and Technical Research Council, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24354313"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024533641","display_name":"Pietro Luca Sottile","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pietro Luca Sottile","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Polit\u00e9cnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Polit\u00e9cnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.7351,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94438379,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"23695","last_page":"23709"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13192","display_name":"Forensic Fingerprint Detection Methods","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liveness","display_name":"Liveness","score":0.86350017786026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8294236660003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.770797848701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7446563243865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7007468342781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.650579571723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5955139398574829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.592324435710907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.5462949872016907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5119756460189819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5116036534309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5022821426391602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint-verification-competition","display_name":"Fingerprint Verification Competition","score":0.46401843428611755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint-recognition","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","score":0.45763328671455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.41211560368537903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36606043577194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.15306204557418823}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15569618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3561421","display_name":"Liveness","level":2,"score":0.86350017786026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8294236660003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.770797848701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7446563243865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7007468342781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.650579571723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5955139398574829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.592324435710907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.5462949872016907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5119756460189819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5116036534309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5022821426391602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164995936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5450283","display_name":"Fingerprint Verification Competition","level":4,"score":0.46401843428611755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168406668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178022","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","level":3,"score":0.45763328671455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.41211560368537903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36606043577194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.15306204557418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2763419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2763419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9083d58e0ab84279b2e6dd487ed72255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9083d58e0ab84279b2e6dd487ed72255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 5, Pp 23695-23709 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:porto.polito.it:2685025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://porto.polito.it/2685025/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402038","display_name":"PORTO Publications Open Repository TOrino (Politecnico di Torino)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","host_organization_name":"Politecnico di Torino","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN:2169-3536","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/74263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11336/74263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2763419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2763419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313985","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44815768","https://openalex.org/W61962043","https://openalex.org/W132579780","https://openalex.org/W190437827","https://openalex.org/W437896048","https://openalex.org/W1502160187","https://openalex.org/W1504498110","https://openalex.org/W1551947943","https://openalex.org/W1578418902","https://openalex.org/W1584545576","https://openalex.org/W1607979445","https://openalex.org/W1967875940","https://openalex.org/W1969793586","https://openalex.org/W1972125593","https://openalex.org/W1979965748","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W1993986275","https://openalex.org/W2000889716","https://openalex.org/W2012982311","https://openalex.org/W2014932484","https://openalex.org/W2015681865","https://openalex.org/W2019338222","https://openalex.org/W2032210760","https://openalex.org/W2032827811","https://openalex.org/W2035710656","https://openalex.org/W2040650733","https://openalex.org/W2051775027","https://openalex.org/W2060576989","https://openalex.org/W2079315848","https://openalex.org/W2080591750","https://openalex.org/W2090826149","https://openalex.org/W2095422257","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2100560442","https://openalex.org/W2103869071","https://openalex.org/W2104853049","https://openalex.org/W2108700572","https://openalex.org/W2109943925","https://openalex.org/W2118677980","https://openalex.org/W2124005670","https://openalex.org/W2124537004","https://openalex.org/W2130258210","https://openalex.org/W2130817593","https://openalex.org/W2136975665","https://openalex.org/W2137090589","https://openalex.org/W2142256325","https://openalex.org/W2146866558","https://openalex.org/W2148261123","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2151270693","https://openalex.org/W2156736651","https://openalex.org/W2157361398","https://openalex.org/W2161638512","https://openalex.org/W2186500555","https://openalex.org/W2238267762","https://openalex.org/W2264076065","https://openalex.org/W2520527333","https://openalex.org/W2537929378","https://openalex.org/W2604232817","https://openalex.org/W3101824741","https://openalex.org/W3125238864","https://openalex.org/W4230579564","https://openalex.org/W4244952642","https://openalex.org/W6607693206","https://openalex.org/W6615156991","https://openalex.org/W6630005630","https://openalex.org/W6633150018","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6736139775","https://openalex.org/W6790019380"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020816142","https://openalex.org/W2040650733","https://openalex.org/W2794551535","https://openalex.org/W2558346698","https://openalex.org/W2238267762","https://openalex.org/W2146126086","https://openalex.org/W2399348932","https://openalex.org/W2051294001","https://openalex.org/W4300118114","https://openalex.org/W2805352494"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spoofing":[0],"attacks":[1],"carried":[2],"out":[3],"using":[4],"artificial":[5],"replicas":[6],"are":[7,51,144],"a":[8],"severe":[9],"threat":[10],"for":[11,118],"fingerprint-based":[12],"biometric":[13],"systems":[14],"and,":[15],"thus,":[16],"require":[17],"the":[18,44,49,78,89,97,105,127,135,149,154],"development":[19],"of":[20,43,77,99,107,129,137],"effective":[21],"countermeasures.":[22],"One":[23],"possible":[24],"protection":[25],"method":[26],"is":[27,85],"to":[28,36,87,148],"implement":[29],"software":[30],"modules":[31],"that":[32],"analyze":[33],"fingerprint":[34,108],"images":[35],"tell":[37],"live":[38],"from":[39],"fake":[40],"samples.":[41],"Most":[42],"static":[45],"software-based":[46],"approaches":[47,103],"in":[48,80,104],"literature":[50],"based":[52,139,156],"on":[53,122,140,157],"various":[54],"image":[55],"features,":[56],"each":[57],"with":[58,146],"its":[59],"own":[60],"strengths,":[61],"weaknesses,":[62],"and":[63,73,82,115,143],"discriminative":[64],"power.":[65],"Such":[66],"features":[67,114,142],"can":[68],"be":[69],"seen":[70],"as":[71,153],"different":[72,113,116],"often":[74],"complementary":[75],"views":[76],"object":[79],"analysis,":[81],"their":[83,119],"fusion":[84,102,131],"likely":[86],"improve":[88,134],"classification":[90],"accuracy.":[91],"This":[92],"paper":[93],"aims":[94],"at":[95],"assessing":[96],"potential":[98],"these":[100],"feature":[101,130],"area":[106],"liveness":[109],"detection":[110],"by":[111],"analyzing":[112],"methods":[117],"aggregation.":[120],"Experiments":[121],"publicly":[123],"available":[124],"benchmarks":[125],"show":[126],"effectiveness":[128],"methods,":[132,151],"which":[133],"accuracy":[136],"those":[138],"individual":[141],"competitive":[145],"respect":[147],"alternative":[150],"such":[152],"ones":[155],"convolutional":[158],"neural":[159],"networks.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T09:24:06.705377","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}