{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2746944839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2740239","title":"Automatic Detection of Exudates in Digital Color Fundus Images Using Superpixel Multi-Feature Classification","display_name":"Automatic Detection of Exudates in Digital Color Fundus Images Using Superpixel Multi-Feature Classification","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2746944839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2740239","mag":"2746944839"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2740239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2740239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2740239","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100638965","display_name":"Wei Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5931-3197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5931-3197","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101399354","display_name":"Chengdong Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengdong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074492862","display_name":"Yugen Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9828-0319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53592917","display_name":"Jiangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkgk822","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53592917"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yugen Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9828-0319","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53592917"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026818073","display_name":"Wenyou Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8457-8103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyou Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8457-8103","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.5347,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96362868,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"17077","last_page":"17088"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7715837359428406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7272853851318359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6803506016731262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6350991129875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5428758263587952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-relationship","display_name":"Spurious relationship","score":0.5422135591506958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.5397136807441711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3837161958217621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.13292309641838074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.07328158617019653}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7715837359428406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7272853851318359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6803506016731262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6350991129875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5428758263587952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.5422135591506958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.5397136807441711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3837161958217621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.13292309641838074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.07328158617019653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2740239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2740239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:49f93e8ec11f49898977ee4ba7f23e27","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/49f93e8ec11f49898977ee4ba7f23e27","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 5, Pp 17077-17088 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2740239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2740239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1301459574","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61602221","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1923688284","display_name":"\u5728\u7ebf\u7528\u6237\u521b\u65b0\u793e\u533a\u7528\u6237\u8d21\u732e\u4ef7\u503c\uff1a\u4ea7\u54c1\u6d88\u8d39\u548c\u521b\u610f\u91c7\u7eb3\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u673a\u7406\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"71762018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2007767059","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61471110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3338903898","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4190472138","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20171BAB212009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322665","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G663198462","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41661083","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7758340248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61602222","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322665","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1091878006","https://openalex.org/W1500191525","https://openalex.org/W1508404128","https://openalex.org/W1548953334","https://openalex.org/W1561442812","https://openalex.org/W1627339368","https://openalex.org/W1983155562","https://openalex.org/W2008101778","https://openalex.org/W2010049940","https://openalex.org/W2010099973","https://openalex.org/W2021586830","https://openalex.org/W2028431569","https://openalex.org/W2031272895","https://openalex.org/W2037760632","https://openalex.org/W2041230595","https://openalex.org/W2053392410","https://openalex.org/W2059036143","https://openalex.org/W2078767451","https://openalex.org/W2104125540","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2118461103","https://openalex.org/W2121737033","https://openalex.org/W2132113231","https://openalex.org/W2135346934","https://openalex.org/W2136289855","https://openalex.org/W2137199074","https://openalex.org/W2142866653","https://openalex.org/W2148603752","https://openalex.org/W2158518042","https://openalex.org/W2166214224","https://openalex.org/W2169736040","https://openalex.org/W2170107888","https://openalex.org/W2605962939","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4302369956","https://openalex.org/W6630399218","https://openalex.org/W6632792525"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2601157893","https://openalex.org/W2373006798","https://openalex.org/W2131735617","https://openalex.org/W2056912418","https://openalex.org/W2123759770","https://openalex.org/W2033213769","https://openalex.org/W4312376745","https://openalex.org/W2136016640","https://openalex.org/W2049538278","https://openalex.org/W2886173746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Exudates":[0],"can":[1],"be":[2],"regarded":[3],"as":[4,58],"one":[5],"of":[6,12,18,42,55,63,113,144],"the":[7,16,39,92,96,111,136,140,145],"most":[8],"prevalent":[9],"clinical":[10,22],"signs":[11],"diabetic":[13,25],"retinopathy,":[14],"and":[15,71,128,142],"detection":[17,41,104],"exudates":[19,43,94],"has":[20],"important":[21],"significance":[23],"in":[24],"retinopathy":[26],"diagnosis.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29],"paper,":[30],"a":[31,53,61,72,100],"novel":[32,73,101],"approach":[33],"named":[34],"superpixel":[35],"multi-feature":[36],"classification":[37,85,114],"for":[38,78],"automatic":[40],"is":[44,50,87,106],"developed.":[45],"First,":[46],"an":[47],"entire":[48],"image":[49],"segmented":[51],"into":[52],"series":[54],"superpixels":[56],"considered":[57],"candidates.":[59,98],"Then,":[60],"total":[62],"20":[64],"features,":[65],"including":[66],"19":[67],"multi-channel":[68],"intensity":[69],"features":[70],"contextual":[74],"feature,":[75],"are":[76,118],"proposed":[77,146],"characterizing":[79],"each":[80],"candidate.":[81],"A":[82],"supervised":[83],"multi-variable":[84],"algorithm":[86],"also":[88],"introduced":[89],"to":[90,108],"distinguish":[91],"true":[93],"from":[95],"spurious":[97],"Finally,":[99],"optic":[102],"disc":[103],"technique":[105],"designed":[107],"further":[109],"improve":[110],"performance":[112],"accuracy.":[115],"Extensive":[116],"experiments":[117],"carried":[119],"out":[120],"on":[121],"two":[122],"publicly":[123],"available":[124],"online":[125],"databases,":[126],"DiaretDB1,":[127],"e-ophtha":[129],"EX.":[130],"Compared":[131],"with":[132],"other":[133],"state-of-the-art":[134],"approaches,":[135],"experimental":[137],"results":[138],"show":[139],"advantages":[141],"effectiveness":[143],"approach.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
