{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2734068290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2723078","title":"Optimal Design of Random Unitary Beamforming for Energy Efficiency in MIMO Broadcast Channels","display_name":"Optimal Design of Random Unitary Beamforming for Energy Efficiency in MIMO Broadcast Channels","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2734068290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2723078","mag":"2734068290"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2723078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2723078","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2723078","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087897392","display_name":"Jae\u2010Hong Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4934-6478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-Hong Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087836855","display_name":"Young\u2010Chai Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1043-9028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young-Chai Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1043-9028","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063195616","display_name":"Sung Sik Nam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9259-4931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung Sik Nam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9259-4931","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07660486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"12865","last_page":"12877"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8892695903778076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.8262478709220886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7190964818000793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6612005233764648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6367306113243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dirty-paper-coding","display_name":"Dirty paper coding","score":0.5857198238372803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-gain","display_name":"Diversity gain","score":0.5801283717155457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5403599739074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4995737075805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4200326204299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39621442556381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.3935982882976532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3930371105670929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.39142751693725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3265937566757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.30586352944374084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2761823832988739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22195500135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0783439576625824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.06559506058692932}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8892695903778076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.8262478709220886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7190964818000793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6612005233764648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6367306113243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780186295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305007","display_name":"Dirty paper coding","level":5,"score":0.5857198238372803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164785522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283966","display_name":"Diversity gain","level":4,"score":0.5801283717155457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5403599739074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4995737075805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4200326204299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39621442556381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.3935982882976532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3930371105670929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.39142751693725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3265937566757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.30586352944374084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2761823832988739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22195500135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0783439576625824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.06559506058692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2723078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2723078","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9daeace259184398af8b06341b0534f8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9daeace259184398af8b06341b0534f8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 5, Pp 12865-12877 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2723078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2723078","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G228590681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UD160070BD","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323103","funder_display_name":"Agency for Defense Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323103","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334874","display_name":"Defense Acquisition Program Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/04bjg9m96"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1938738734","https://openalex.org/W1984543396","https://openalex.org/W1998155482","https://openalex.org/W2007443572","https://openalex.org/W2025262567","https://openalex.org/W2030315494","https://openalex.org/W2041277226","https://openalex.org/W2043451967","https://openalex.org/W2076138763","https://openalex.org/W2077611008","https://openalex.org/W2083962008","https://openalex.org/W2098583876","https://openalex.org/W2099388115","https://openalex.org/W2107151467","https://openalex.org/W2117014495","https://openalex.org/W2118811502","https://openalex.org/W2121650941","https://openalex.org/W2132621111","https://openalex.org/W2140448150","https://openalex.org/W2142134616","https://openalex.org/W2143927285","https://openalex.org/W2149698137","https://openalex.org/W2153298783","https://openalex.org/W2161410889","https://openalex.org/W2296029084","https://openalex.org/W2528588815","https://openalex.org/W6661324189","https://openalex.org/W6674715635","https://openalex.org/W6675772581"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2167568384","https://openalex.org/W2116541631","https://openalex.org/W2514205366","https://openalex.org/W3173074004","https://openalex.org/W1976511355","https://openalex.org/W2064335375","https://openalex.org/W2083202929","https://openalex.org/W2088352174","https://openalex.org/W2544668827","https://openalex.org/W1985632843"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Random":[0],"unitary":[1],"beamforming":[2,77],"(RUB)":[3],"achieves":[4],"multiuser":[5],"diversity":[6],"gain":[7],"over":[8],"multiple-input":[9],"multiple-output":[10],"broadcast":[11],"channels":[12],"with":[13],"partial":[14,130],"channel":[15],"state":[16],"information":[17],"(CSI).":[18],"RUB":[19,56,84,143,163],"can":[20,144,157],"asymptotically":[21],"achieve":[22],"the":[23,33,47,60,95,105,115,137,140,147,159,166],"same":[24],"growth":[25],"of":[26,63,87,108,118,142,162],"rate":[27],"M":[28],"log":[29,30],"K":[31],"as":[32],"optimal":[34,61],"dirty":[35],"paper":[36,172],"coding":[37],"or":[38],"sub-optimal":[39],"zero-forcing":[40],"beamforming,":[41],"which":[42,120],"need":[43],"full":[44,81],"CSI":[45,96,131],"at":[46],"transmitter.":[48],"In":[49,73],"this":[50,100,171],"paper,":[51],"we":[52,102,135],"propose":[53,136],"energy":[54,70],"efficient":[55],"systems":[57,156],"that":[58,79,153,165],"select":[59,104],"number":[62,107],"streams":[64,109],"and":[65,110,164],"transmission":[66,111,148],"power":[67,112],"to":[68,75,94],"maximize":[69],"efficiency":[71],"(EE).":[72],"contrast":[74],"other":[76],"schemes":[78],"use":[80],"CSI,":[82],"optimizing":[83],"in":[85,124,170],"terms":[86],"EE":[88,160],"is":[89],"a":[90],"difficult":[91],"task":[92],"due":[93],"constraints.":[97],"To":[98],"solve":[99],"problem,":[101],"first":[103],"EE-optimal":[106],"by":[113],"using":[114],"statistical":[116],"characteristics":[117],"RUB,":[119],"have":[121],"been":[122],"studied":[123],"previous":[125],"works.":[126],"Next,":[127],"based":[128],"on":[129],"feedback":[132],"from":[133],"users,":[134],"method":[138],"whereby":[139],"transmitter":[141],"adaptively":[145],"control":[146],"power.":[149],"Simulation":[150],"results":[151,168],"demonstrate":[152],"our":[154],"proposed":[155],"improve":[158],"performance":[161],"analytical":[167],"derived":[169],"are":[173],"accurate.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
