{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2682463074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2710421","title":"Multilingual Source Code Analysis: A Systematic Literature Review","display_name":"Multilingual Source Code Analysis: A Systematic Literature Review","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2682463074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2710421","mag":"2682463074"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2710421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2710421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2710421","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033886572","display_name":"Zaigham Mushtaq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3754-3450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zaigham Mushtaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3754-3450","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072200177","display_name":"Ghulam Rasool","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5408-0550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghulam Rasool","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084505975","display_name":"Balawal Shehzad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Balawal Shehzad","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033886572"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.5561,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95243384,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"11307","last_page":"11336"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.802120566368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.6481862664222717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5942456722259521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5422734618186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-review","display_name":"Code review","score":0.5206024646759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.4958895146846771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4798514246940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4663260281085968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.43545275926589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence","display_name":"Interdependence","score":0.4234952926635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-program-analysis","display_name":"Static program analysis","score":0.40272998809814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.33516359329223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2605932056903839}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.802120566368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.6481862664222717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5942456722259521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5422734618186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150292731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1342704","display_name":"Code review","level":5,"score":0.5206024646759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.4958895146846771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4798514246940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4663260281085968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.43545275926589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.4234952926635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137287247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329550","display_name":"Static program analysis","level":4,"score":0.40272998809814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.33516359329223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2605932056903839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2710421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2710421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1c07f151f57a4f7ca0f9534ff8d78cf3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1c07f151f57a4f7ca0f9534ff8d78cf3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 5, Pp 11307-11336 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2710421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2710421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21169582","https://openalex.org/W143085122","https://openalex.org/W1507027376","https://openalex.org/W1512221544","https://openalex.org/W1556336435","https://openalex.org/W1728457675","https://openalex.org/W1777638483","https://openalex.org/W1975282109","https://openalex.org/W1978359917","https://openalex.org/W1985280909","https://openalex.org/W1991458579","https://openalex.org/W1994883936","https://openalex.org/W1996209533","https://openalex.org/W1996977773","https://openalex.org/W2006267758","https://openalex.org/W2010018983","https://openalex.org/W2013912904","https://openalex.org/W2017633632","https://openalex.org/W2022488948","https://openalex.org/W2024120908","https://openalex.org/W2025253701","https://openalex.org/W2034920586","https://openalex.org/W2045935480","https://openalex.org/W2056763583","https://openalex.org/W2058433768","https://openalex.org/W2059625909","https://openalex.org/W2060409201","https://openalex.org/W2074120176","https://openalex.org/W2074659519","https://openalex.org/W2085925880","https://openalex.org/W2092191387","https://openalex.org/W2098124758","https://openalex.org/W2099944971","https://openalex.org/W2100415380","https://openalex.org/W2104579927","https://openalex.org/W2104789737","https://openalex.org/W2105682903","https://openalex.org/W2106956101","https://openalex.org/W2108017975","https://openalex.org/W2109977743","https://openalex.org/W2111060111","https://openalex.org/W2116910575","https://openalex.org/W2122422054","https://openalex.org/W2123804192","https://openalex.org/W2123876546","https://openalex.org/W2128112082","https://openalex.org/W2138557872","https://openalex.org/W2145021485","https://openalex.org/W2146656763","https://openalex.org/W2146773231","https://openalex.org/W2146774006","https://openalex.org/W2147793724","https://openalex.org/W2157266110","https://openalex.org/W2158436596","https://openalex.org/W2158758849","https://openalex.org/W2163011370","https://openalex.org/W2164618998","https://openalex.org/W2281420905","https://openalex.org/W2345558218","https://openalex.org/W2398791084","https://openalex.org/W2401970974","https://openalex.org/W4239321175","https://openalex.org/W4240177611","https://openalex.org/W4247781538","https://openalex.org/W4252238739","https://openalex.org/W6630385767","https://openalex.org/W6654771972","https://openalex.org/W6668888424","https://openalex.org/W6695847851","https://openalex.org/W6704628922","https://openalex.org/W6712827285"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969257295","https://openalex.org/W3006945192","https://openalex.org/W2904997879","https://openalex.org/W3049398420","https://openalex.org/W1976804602","https://openalex.org/W2390554102","https://openalex.org/W2909969119","https://openalex.org/W656101134","https://openalex.org/W3135060008","https://openalex.org/W1990888989"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Contemporary":[0],"software":[1,171,237],"applications":[2,20,52,111,164],"are":[3,9,29,140,200,249],"developed":[4],"using":[5,31],"cross-language":[6,265,271],"artifacts,":[7,27],"which":[8,28],"interdependent":[10],"with":[11,36,182],"each":[12],"other.":[13],"The":[14,60,137],"source":[15,47,94,106,253,276],"code":[16,48,95,107,254,267,277],"analysis":[17,49,108],"of":[18,26,42,62,72,113,134,145,194,205,241,264,275],"these":[19],"requires":[21],"the":[22,54,73,132,143,176,188,192,203,227,242],"extraction":[23],"and":[24,50,57,75,89,109,129,151,159,165,179,197,212,229,232,245,262,273],"examination":[25],"build":[30],"multiple":[32],"programming":[33],"languages":[34],"along":[35],"their":[37],"dependencies.":[38],"A":[39],"large":[40],"number":[41],"studies":[43],"presented":[44,141,187,201],"on":[45,85,122],"multilingual":[46,93,105,135,163],"its":[51,110,218],"in":[53,131,142,168,191,202,235,251],"last":[55],"one":[56],"half":[58],"decade.":[59],"objective":[61],"this":[63],"systematic":[64],"literature":[65],"review":[66],"(SLR)":[67],"is":[68,83],"to":[69,91,104],"summarize":[70],"state":[71],"art":[74],"prominent":[76],"areas":[77,248],"for":[78,161,222],"future":[79,152,223,230],"research.":[80,224],"This":[81],"SLR":[82],"based":[84],"different":[86,170],"techniques,":[87],"tools,":[88],"methodologies":[90],"analyze":[92],"applications.":[96,136],"We":[97,154,174,186,225],"finalized":[98],"56":[99],"multi-discipline":[100],"published":[101],"papers":[102],"relevant":[103],"out":[112],"3820":[114],"papers,":[115],"filtered":[116],"through":[117],"multi-stage":[118],"search":[119],"criterion.":[120],"Based":[121],"our":[123],"findings,":[124],"we":[125],"highlight":[126],"research":[127,138,146,148,157,177,184,189,206,216,243,247],"gaps":[128],"challenges":[130],"field":[133],"findings":[139],"form":[144,193,204],"problems,":[147],"contributions,":[149],"challenges,":[150],"prospects.":[153],"identified":[155,250],"46":[156],"issues":[158],"requirements":[160],"analyzing":[162],"grouped":[166,233],"them":[167,181,234],"13":[169],"engineering":[172,238],"domains.":[173,239],"examined":[175],"contributions":[178,190],"mapped":[180],"individual":[183],"problems.":[185],"tools":[195],"techniques":[196],"approaches":[198],"that":[199],"models,":[207,211],"platforms,":[208],"frameworks,":[209],"prototype":[210],"case":[213],"studies.":[214],"Every":[215],"has":[217],"limitations":[219,228],"or":[220],"prospects":[221],"highlighted":[226],"perspectives":[231],"various":[236],"Most":[240],"trends":[244],"potential":[246],"static":[252],"analysis,":[255,270],"program":[256],"comprehension,":[257],"refactoring,":[258],"reverse":[259],"engineering,":[260],"detection,":[261],"traceability":[263],"links,":[266],"coverage,":[268],"security":[269],"parsing,":[272],"abstraction":[274],"models.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}