{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2610910944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2700330","title":"Physical Layer Authentication in Nano Networks at Terahertz Frequencies for Biomedical Applications","display_name":"Physical Layer Authentication in Nano Networks at Terahertz Frequencies for Biomedical Applications","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2610910944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2700330","mag":"2610910944"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2700330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2700330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2700330","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023667617","display_name":"Muhammad Mahboob Ur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-0886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323252656","display_name":"Information Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngv8j44","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Mahboob Ur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Information Technology University, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-0886","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Information Technology University, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047892843","display_name":"Qammer H. Abbasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7097-9969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323252656","display_name":"Information Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngv8j44","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58152225","display_name":"Texas A&M University at Qatar","ror":"https://ror.org/03vb4dm14","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58152225","https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB","PK","QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qammer H. Abbasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar","Electrical Engineering Department, Information Technology University, Lahore, Pakistan","School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58152225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Information Technology University, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066794398","display_name":"Nishtha Chopra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nishtha Chopra","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009224411","display_name":"Khalid Qaraqe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0766-9212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58152225","display_name":"Texas A&M University at Qatar","ror":"https://ror.org/03vb4dm14","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58152225","https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalid Qaraqe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58152225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022863238","display_name":"Akram Alomainy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5802-9194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akram Alomainy","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023667617"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.8367,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84237999,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"7808","last_page":"7815"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9501000046730042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.8272839784622192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7329529523849487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.7323715090751648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.7251330614089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.6662934422492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nano","display_name":"Nano-","score":0.5917925834655762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.5202123522758484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.46317794919013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.4272494614124298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4176829159259796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.23084288835525513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.22532087564468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18948021531105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17748472094535828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.1462564766407013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.08247366547584534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.08224630355834961}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.8272839784622192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7329529523849487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.7323715090751648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.7251330614089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6662934422492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780357685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154357","display_name":"Nano-","level":2,"score":0.5917925834655762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.5202123522758484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.46317794919013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.4272494614124298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4176829159259796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.23084288835525513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.22532087564468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18948021531105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17748472094535828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.1462564766407013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.08247366547584534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.08224630355834961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2700330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2700330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:140613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1691e4b1e52340839f238bb06e2a02ea","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1691e4b1e52340839f238bb06e2a02ea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 5, Pp 7808-7815 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2700330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2700330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7163746728","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"7-125-2-061","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","funder_display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/01svaqq28"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975136868","https://openalex.org/W1975566000","https://openalex.org/W1976221960","https://openalex.org/W1979919223","https://openalex.org/W1999860606","https://openalex.org/W2006692261","https://openalex.org/W2018413378","https://openalex.org/W2051871299","https://openalex.org/W2097948526","https://openalex.org/W2116194016","https://openalex.org/W2122694914","https://openalex.org/W2125290396","https://openalex.org/W2128190729","https://openalex.org/W2135126436","https://openalex.org/W2138004035","https://openalex.org/W2161455567","https://openalex.org/W2291274937","https://openalex.org/W2324596115","https://openalex.org/W2332887124","https://openalex.org/W2496345498","https://openalex.org/W2496853399","https://openalex.org/W6701200533"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033952283","https://openalex.org/W2762687161","https://openalex.org/W2353254830","https://openalex.org/W2890072373","https://openalex.org/W2351210568","https://openalex.org/W2028421553","https://openalex.org/W4229079866","https://openalex.org/W3000002614","https://openalex.org/W4388666885","https://openalex.org/W2790173195"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,97],"presents":[2],"a":[3,58,68,100],"study":[4],"on":[5,23],"physical":[6],"layer":[7],"authentication":[8,39],"problem":[9],"for":[10,27,103,108],"in":[11,28],"vivo":[12,29],"nano":[13,25,31,106],"networks":[14],"at":[15],"terahertz":[16],"(THz)":[17],"frequencies.":[18],"A":[19],"system":[20],"model":[21],"based":[22,38],"envisioned":[24],"network":[26,107],"body-centric":[30],"communication":[32],"is":[33,40,93],"considered":[34],"and":[35,114],"distance-dependent":[36],"pathloss":[37,52],"performed.":[41],"Experimental":[42],"data":[43],"collected":[44],"from":[45],"THz":[46],"time-domain":[47],"spectroscopy":[48],"setup":[49],"shows":[50],"that":[51,66,95],"can":[53,81],"indeed":[54],"be":[55,82],"used":[56],"as":[57],"device":[59],"fingerprint.":[60],"Furthermore,":[61],"simulation":[62],"results":[63],"clearly":[64],"show":[65],"given":[67],"maximum":[69],"tolerable":[70],"false":[71],"alarm":[72],"rate,":[73],"detection":[74],"rate":[75],"up":[76],"to":[77],"any":[78],"desired":[79],"level":[80],"achieved":[83],"within":[84],"the":[85,89],"feasible":[86],"region":[87],"of":[88,116],"proposed":[90],"method.":[91],"It":[92],"anticipated":[94],"this":[96],"will":[98],"pave":[99],"new":[101],"paradigm":[102],"secured,":[104],"authenticated":[105],"future":[109],"applications,":[110],"e.g.,":[111],"drug":[112],"delivery":[113],"Internet":[115],"nano-things-based":[117],"intelligent":[118],"office.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}