{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2609409497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2698068","title":"Prediction of Human Brain Activity Using Likelihood Ratio Based Score Fusion","display_name":"Prediction of Human Brain Activity Using Likelihood Ratio Based Score Fusion","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2609409497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2698068","mag":"2609409497"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2698068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2698068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2698068","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016145887","display_name":"Raheel Zafar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7486-4149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raheel Zafar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Perak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7486-4149","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070853135","display_name":"Sarat C. Dass","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7376-0436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarat C. Dass","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Perak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077623317","display_name":"Aamir Saeed Malik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-3157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aamir Saeed Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Perak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071162645","display_name":"Nidal Kamel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-6379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nidal Kamel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Perak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065495147","display_name":"Muhammad Javvad ur Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3806-5750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Javvad Ur Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Perak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016724662","display_name":"Rana Fayyaz Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8197-8403"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rana Fayyaz Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Perak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003783973","display_name":"Jafri Malin Abdullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0258-7410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jafri Malin Abdullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroscience Services and Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroscience Services and Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036722921","display_name":"Faruque Reza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faruque Reza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroscience Services and Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroscience Services and Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016145887"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.6606,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67260126,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"13010","last_page":"13019"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7322774529457092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7129451036453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.668535053730011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5764923691749573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4888762831687927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.46644967794418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.46229618787765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.4567885994911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-activity-and-meditation","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","score":0.43360644578933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4292933940887451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-data","display_name":"Test data","score":0.41836968064308167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3345728814601898}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7322774529457092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7129451036453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.668535053730011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5764923691749573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4888762831687927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.46644967794418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.46229618787765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779226451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903809","display_name":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.4567885994911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120843803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955807","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","level":3,"score":0.43360644578933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4292933940887451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16910744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705759","display_name":"Test data","level":2,"score":0.41836968064308167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3345728814601898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2698068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2698068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a010a7e1d4044556b32663d277c49495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a010a7e1d4044556b32663d277c49495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 5, Pp 13010-13019 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2698068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2698068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489950266","https://openalex.org/W1500731913","https://openalex.org/W1603394213","https://openalex.org/W1922604896","https://openalex.org/W1969675008","https://openalex.org/W1977667639","https://openalex.org/W1980128308","https://openalex.org/W1984383922","https://openalex.org/W1989602113","https://openalex.org/W1994900366","https://openalex.org/W2007226897","https://openalex.org/W2010502769","https://openalex.org/W2036084760","https://openalex.org/W2041853331","https://openalex.org/W2047451402","https://openalex.org/W2055898814","https://openalex.org/W2083678787","https://openalex.org/W2089632738","https://openalex.org/W2100106957","https://openalex.org/W2106664807","https://openalex.org/W2109830992","https://openalex.org/W2112532472","https://openalex.org/W2118143383","https://openalex.org/W2123923307","https://openalex.org/W2129651491","https://openalex.org/W2129984808","https://openalex.org/W2131773641","https://openalex.org/W2134631747","https://openalex.org/W2136885397","https://openalex.org/W2150127372","https://openalex.org/W2150174491","https://openalex.org/W2151297119","https://openalex.org/W2288414035","https://openalex.org/W2338065876","https://openalex.org/W2422365436","https://openalex.org/W2518116921","https://openalex.org/W2549190748","https://openalex.org/W2559256361","https://openalex.org/W3103655579","https://openalex.org/W3196620053","https://openalex.org/W4233014035","https://openalex.org/W6653349023"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W128114763","https://openalex.org/W2042800611","https://openalex.org/W2051472919","https://openalex.org/W4386213410","https://openalex.org/W3101081936","https://openalex.org/W1981468049","https://openalex.org/W2072179998","https://openalex.org/W2371524820","https://openalex.org/W2534241281","https://openalex.org/W1987060659"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"brain":[1,37,59,183],"has":[2],"a":[3,14,148],"complex":[4],"structure":[5],"with":[6,39,126,134,198,234,242],"the":[7,21,36,58,65,81,104,112,123,127,135,162,180,189,199,215,227,231],"billions":[8],"of":[9,23,48,57,84,89,106,161,182,191,207,237],"neurons,":[10],"so":[11],"it":[12],"is":[13,61,71,132,152,169,196,211,217],"difficult":[15],"and":[16,28,34,42,116,214,239,249,253],"challenging":[17],"task":[18],"to":[19,32,187],"predict":[20],"behavior":[22],"human":[24,163],"brain.":[25,164],"Different":[26],"methods":[27],"classifiers":[29],"are":[30,92,109,119],"used":[31,51,170,178],"measure":[33],"classify":[35],"activities":[38],"higher":[40],"accuracy":[41,195,236],"reliability.":[43],"In":[44,185],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"instead":[47],"using":[49,142,203],"mostly":[50],"classifier":[52],"(support":[53],"vector":[54,201,244],"machine),":[55],"prediction":[56,181,194],"activity":[60],"done":[62,133],"by":[63,121],"estimating":[64],"match":[66,85,90,117,166],"score":[67,100],"densities.":[68],"This":[69],"method":[70,229],"based":[72,97],"on":[73,98],"likelihood":[74],"ratio":[75],"test":[76,188],"which":[77,103,156,246],"helps":[78,157],"in":[79,102,158,171],"finding":[80],"optimal":[82],"combination":[83],"scores.":[86],"The":[87,130,165,223],"distributions":[88],"scores":[91,118],"modeled":[93],"for":[94,179,251],"different":[95,107,172,208],"classes":[96,108],"density":[99],"fusion":[101,131],"densities":[105,125],"estimated":[110,124],"from":[111,138],"training":[113],"data":[114,136,205,233,255],"set":[115],"found":[120],"fusing":[122],"testing":[128],"data.":[129],"extracted":[137],"distributed":[139],"activation":[140],"patterns":[141],"multivariate":[143],"pattern":[144],"analysis":[145],"(MVPA)":[146],"against":[147],"visual":[149],"task.":[150],"MVPA":[151],"an":[153],"intense":[154],"strategy":[155],"better":[159],"understanding":[160],"score-based":[167],"technique":[168],"biometric":[173],"systems":[174],"but":[175],"never":[176],"been":[177],"activity.":[184],"order":[186],"performance":[190],"proposed":[192,228],"method,":[193],"compared":[197,241],"support":[200,243],"machine":[202,245],"two":[204],"sets":[206],"modalities,":[209],"one":[210],"electroencephalography":[212],"(EEG)":[213],"other":[216],"functional":[218],"magnetic":[219],"resonance":[220],"imaging":[221],"(fMRI).":[222],"results":[224],"show":[225],"that":[226],"predicts":[230],"novel":[232],"improved":[235],"66.1%":[238],"69.3%":[240],"have":[247],"64.15%":[248],"65.7%":[250],"fMRI":[252],"EEG":[254],"sets,":[256],"respectively.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}