{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2606758893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2695007","title":"On Favorable Propagation in Massive MIMO Systems and Different Antenna Configurations","display_name":"On Favorable Propagation in Massive MIMO Systems and Different Antenna Configurations","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2606758893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2695007","mag":"2606758893"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2695007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2695007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2695007","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102972825","display_name":"Xiaoyong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2965-0504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Laboratory, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2965-0504","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Laboratory, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038087450","display_name":"Norman C. Beaulieu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9233-219X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. C. Beaulieu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048802154","display_name":"Danpu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4296-5209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danpu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Laboratory, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Laboratory, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.9704,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95724156,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.8464846611022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonality","display_name":"Orthogonality","score":0.6535288691520691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5663127303123474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.5229390859603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4980621337890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.4908443093299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.4639529585838318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.43825921416282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.4224599599838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3986654579639435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.377645343542099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3710785508155823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2760830819606781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.12248262763023376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07817772030830383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.07378920912742615}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.8464846611022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17137986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215067","display_name":"Orthogonality","level":2,"score":0.6535288691520691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5663127303123474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.5229390859603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4980621337890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.4908443093299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.4639529585838318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.43825921416282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.4224599599838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3986654579639435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.377645343542099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3710785508155823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2760830819606781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.12248262763023376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07817772030830383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.07378920912742615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2695007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2695007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d98457f5cf5c4097a4295828c2c8478b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d98457f5cf5c4097a4295828c2c8478b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 5, Pp 5578-5593 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2695007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2695007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1668171162","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u519c\u7530\u751f\u5883\u76d1\u6d4b\u7684\u65e0\u7ebf\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u64ad\u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u4f9b\u7535\u7b56\u7565\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61271257","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6785533933","display_name":"60GHz\u5bc6\u96c6\u901a\u4fe1\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u6291\u5236\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cd\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61171107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1645827502","https://openalex.org/W1956027752","https://openalex.org/W1966317186","https://openalex.org/W1971443733","https://openalex.org/W1978762830","https://openalex.org/W2004429608","https://openalex.org/W2025133448","https://openalex.org/W2030278492","https://openalex.org/W2037056881","https://openalex.org/W2037785632","https://openalex.org/W2049024492","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2055849441","https://openalex.org/W2090195299","https://openalex.org/W2124175354","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2132048364","https://openalex.org/W2134070580","https://openalex.org/W2139693953","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2161628826","https://openalex.org/W2166064468","https://openalex.org/W2294434936","https://openalex.org/W2342690689","https://openalex.org/W2462498902","https://openalex.org/W2514734382","https://openalex.org/W2949977345","https://openalex.org/W2963869708","https://openalex.org/W3098980465","https://openalex.org/W3099908750","https://openalex.org/W3106282754","https://openalex.org/W4300223101","https://openalex.org/W6645208971","https://openalex.org/W6680021679","https://openalex.org/W6697235369","https://openalex.org/W6704568837"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038397443","https://openalex.org/W4200145345","https://openalex.org/W2112785353","https://openalex.org/W2941374357","https://openalex.org/W1561113522","https://openalex.org/W1495906304","https://openalex.org/W2935871810","https://openalex.org/W1993205288","https://openalex.org/W1520753245","https://openalex.org/W3013692990"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Asymptotic":[0],"orthogonality":[1],"of":[2,42,144,155,177,191,194],"channel":[3,59],"vectors,":[4],"also":[5],"called":[6],"favorable":[7],"propagation":[8],"(FP),":[9],"plays":[10],"a":[11,96,152],"key":[12],"role":[13],"in":[14],"massive":[15,54,112,222],"multiple-input":[16],"multiple-output":[17],"(MIMO)":[18],"systems,":[19],"allowing":[20],"linear":[21,118],"processing":[22],"to":[23,47,66,87,106,149,188,228],"achieve":[24],"optimality":[25],"and":[26,93,124,138,160,233],"maximize":[27],"the":[28,34,49,80,89,100,116,141,163,169,182,189,192,200,203,207,211,216,240],"information":[29],"rate.":[30],"Much":[31],"research":[32],"on":[33,79,99],"FP":[35,50,90,108,164,208,231],"condition":[36,51,91,98,165,209],"emerges":[37],"under":[38],"different":[39,145],"assumptions,":[40],"most":[41],"which":[43],"has":[44,202],"been":[45],"proved":[46],"satisfy":[48],"for":[52,109,151,168,173,221,225],"some":[53],"MIMO":[55,113,223],"implementations.":[56,114],"A":[57],"generic":[58],"model":[60],"without":[61],"mutual":[62],"coupling":[63],"is":[64,104,166,185,218],"proposed":[65],"study":[67],"more":[68],"general":[69],"implementations":[70],"than":[71],"previously":[72],"investigated.":[73],"Two":[74],"theorems":[75],"establish:":[76],"1)":[77],"conditions":[78],"steering":[81,101,146],"matrix":[82,102],"alone":[83,103],"that":[84,95,162,199],"are":[85,131],"sufficient":[86,105],"guarantee":[88,107],"holds":[92],"2)":[94],"simple":[97],"all":[110],"practical":[111],"Then":[115],"uniform":[117,120,125],"array,":[119],"planar":[121],"array":[122,127],"(UPA),":[123],"circular":[126],"(UCA)":[128],"antenna":[129,170,183,213],"configurations":[130],"studied.":[132],"Theoretical":[133],"analyses":[134],"indicate":[135],"how":[136,139],"close":[137],"fast":[140],"inner":[142],"product":[143],"vectors":[147],"converges":[148],"zero":[150],"finite":[153],"number":[154,176,193],"base":[156],"station":[157],"(BS)":[158],"antennas,":[159],"prove":[161],"satisfied":[167],"configuration":[171],"considered":[172],"an":[174],"unlimited":[175],"BS":[178],"antennas":[179],"only":[180],"if":[181],"spacing":[184],"not":[186],"proportional":[187],"reciprocal":[190],"antennas.":[195],"The":[196],"analysis":[197],"shows":[198],"UCA":[201],"shortest":[204],"distance":[205],"from":[206],"among":[210],"three":[212],"structures,":[214],"while":[215],"UPA":[217],"especially":[219],"suitable":[220],"systems":[224],"5G":[226],"owing":[227],"its":[229],"good":[230],"performance":[232],"compact":[234],"physical":[235],"size.":[236],"Simulation":[237],"results":[238],"validate":[239],"theory.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}