{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2594618812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2678103","title":"A Flexible FPGA-Based Quasi-Cyclic LDPC Decoder","display_name":"A Flexible FPGA-Based Quasi-Cyclic LDPC Decoder","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2594618812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2678103","mag":"2594618812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2678103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2678103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2678103","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039876417","display_name":"Peter Hailes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0995-7947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Hailes","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024499216","display_name":"Lei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2020-4268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Programmable Solution Group, Intel Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Programmable Solution Group, Intel Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079225380","display_name":"Robert G. Maunder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7944-2615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert G. Maunder","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012783672","display_name":"Bashir M. Al\u2010Hashimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3591-1328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bashir M. Al-Hashimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091122305","display_name":"Lajos Hanzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-5214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lajos Hanzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039876417"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1634,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1762},"fwci":2.1895,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89078004,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"20965","last_page":"20984"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8424751162528992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.806358277797699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7270553112030029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-reconfiguration","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","score":0.6231119632720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5623081922531128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5321000814437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.4989967346191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-decision-decoder","display_name":"Soft-decision decoder","score":0.48711109161376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.4366218149662018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-error-correction","display_name":"Forward error correction","score":0.42555439472198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.42492809891700745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4122103452682495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.37492793798446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.359500527381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.34905239939689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1958165168762207}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8424751162528992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.806358277797699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7270553112030029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.6231119632720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5623081922531128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5321000814437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.4989967346191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185588885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7553811","display_name":"Soft-decision decoder","level":3,"score":0.48711109161376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4366218149662018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202932441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55611017","display_name":"Forward error correction","level":3,"score":0.42555439472198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.42492809891700745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4122103452682495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.37492793798446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.359500527381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.34905239939689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1958165168762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2678103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2678103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:406883","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2678103>).","pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/406883/1/FINAL_Article.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401020","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0ae13a67c73a49b3ae7a4ede8d4d858c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0ae13a67c73a49b3ae7a4ede8d4d858c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 5, Pp 20965-20984 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2678103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2678103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1190378674","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/L010550/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3009845101","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J015520/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6759469332","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TS/L009390/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335087","funder_display_name":"Innovate UK"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7356158890","display_name":"Highly-parallel algorithms and architectures for high-throughput wireless receivers","funder_award_id":"EP/L010550/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7805233202","display_name":"Channel Decoder Architectures for Energy-Constrained Wireless Communication Systems: Holistic Approach","funder_award_id":"EP/J015520/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335087","display_name":"Innovate UK","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar5fy68"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W596214406","https://openalex.org/W1608679777","https://openalex.org/W1956090263","https://openalex.org/W1970278338","https://openalex.org/W1973672456","https://openalex.org/W1973712217","https://openalex.org/W1979103131","https://openalex.org/W2003761835","https://openalex.org/W2020593484","https://openalex.org/W2021604507","https://openalex.org/W2048355685","https://openalex.org/W2049957095","https://openalex.org/W2058275835","https://openalex.org/W2079450008","https://openalex.org/W2088217991","https://openalex.org/W2090561681","https://openalex.org/W2096084217","https://openalex.org/W2105011467","https://openalex.org/W2107932975","https://openalex.org/W2114223390","https://openalex.org/W2115353412","https://openalex.org/W2115410024","https://openalex.org/W2115474489","https://openalex.org/W2125117492","https://openalex.org/W2126259959","https://openalex.org/W2128677008","https://openalex.org/W2128765501","https://openalex.org/W2132441981","https://openalex.org/W2133068391","https://openalex.org/W2136485546","https://openalex.org/W2138308684","https://openalex.org/W2142238317","https://openalex.org/W2144024329","https://openalex.org/W2145273892","https://openalex.org/W2151296558","https://openalex.org/W2152203581","https://openalex.org/W2156938362","https://openalex.org/W2162276616","https://openalex.org/W2169709803","https://openalex.org/W2243037229","https://openalex.org/W2525250461","https://openalex.org/W2536607768","https://openalex.org/W2542214229","https://openalex.org/W4206262605","https://openalex.org/W4237031056","https://openalex.org/W4237837794","https://openalex.org/W4251669965","https://openalex.org/W4254301692","https://openalex.org/W4256648168","https://openalex.org/W6690489947","https://openalex.org/W6727755029"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2623918504","https://openalex.org/W2957709805","https://openalex.org/W2916248738","https://openalex.org/W1968720239","https://openalex.org/W4387475406","https://openalex.org/W2124455219","https://openalex.org/W2622922565","https://openalex.org/W2100531868","https://openalex.org/W2121747124","https://openalex.org/W2353338231"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-density":[0],"parity":[1],"check":[2],"(LDPC)":[3],"error":[4,18,196],"correction":[5,19,197],"decoders":[6,72],"have":[7],"become":[8],"popular":[9],"in":[10,50,82,107,115],"diverse":[11],"communications":[12],"systems,":[13],"owing":[14],"to":[15,24,52,151],"their":[16,22,54],"strong":[17],"performance":[20],"and":[21,59,76,94,183,195],"suitability":[23],"parallel":[25],"hardware":[26,192],"implementation.":[27],"A":[28],"great":[29],"deal":[30],"of":[31,40,64,69,90,110,133,158,167,181],"research":[32],"effort":[33],"has":[34,105],"been":[35],"invested":[36],"into":[37],"the":[38,83,87,91,174],"implementation":[39,170],"LDPC":[41,71,103,123,138],"decoder":[42,104,124],"designs":[43],"on":[44],"field-programmable":[45],"gate":[46],"array":[47],"(FPGA)":[48],"devices,":[49],"order":[51],"exploit":[53],"high":[55,88,179],"processing":[56,95,190],"speed,":[57],"parallelism,":[58],"re-programmability.":[60],"Meanwhile,":[61],"a":[62,101,108,120,164,178,188],"variety":[63],"application-specific":[65],"integrated":[66],"circuit":[67],"implementations":[68],"multi-mode":[70],"exhibiting":[73],"both":[74],"inter-standard":[75],"intrastandard":[77],"reconfiguration":[78],"flexibility":[79,129],"are":[80,98],"available":[81],"open":[84],"literature.":[85],"However,":[86],"complexity":[89],"adaptable":[92],"routing":[93],"elements":[96],"that":[97,173],"required":[99],"by":[100],"flexible":[102],"resulted":[106],"lack":[109],"viable":[111],"FPGA-based":[112],"implementations.":[113],"Hence":[114],"this":[116],"paper,":[117],"we":[118,141],"propose":[119,142],"parameterisable":[121],"FPGAbased":[122],"architecture,":[125],"which":[126,147],"supports":[127],"run-time":[128,184],"over":[130],"any":[131],"set":[132],"one":[134],"or":[135],"more":[136],"quasicyclic":[137],"codes.":[139,168],"Additionally,":[140],"an":[143,154],"off-line":[144],"design":[145],"flow,":[146],"may":[148],"be":[149],"used":[150],"automatically":[152],"generate":[153],"optimized":[155],"HDL":[156],"description":[157],"our":[159],"decoder,":[160],"having":[161],"support":[162],"for":[163],"chosen":[165],"selection":[166],"Our":[169],"results":[171],"show":[172],"proposed":[175],"architecture":[176],"achieves":[177],"level":[180],"design-time":[182],"flexibility,":[185],"whilst":[186],"maintaining":[187],"reasonable":[189],"throughput,":[191],"resource":[193],"requirement,":[194],"performance.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}