{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2590368394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2666542","title":"PBM-CFD Investigation of the Gas Holdup and Mass Transfer in a Lab-Scale Internal Loop Airlift Reactor","display_name":"PBM-CFD Investigation of the Gas Holdup and Mass Transfer in a Lab-Scale Internal Loop Airlift Reactor","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2590368394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2666542","mag":"2590368394"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2666542","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2666542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2666542","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114686100","display_name":"Shuo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-7395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-7395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006631131","display_name":"Zongyang Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6832-590X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zong-Yang Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103719717","display_name":"David M\u00fcller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200439574","display_name":"Evonik (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01qmw3j63","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200439574"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Muller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Evonik Technology & Infrastructure GmbH, Process Technology & Engineering, Marl, Germany","Evonik Technology & Infrastructure GmbH, Process Technology & Engineering, Marl, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Evonik Technology & Infrastructure GmbH, Process Technology & Engineering, Marl, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200439574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Evonik Technology & Infrastructure GmbH, Process Technology & Engineering, Marl, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200439574"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037504230","display_name":"G\u00fcnter Wozny","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gunter Wozny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Process Dynamics and Operation, Berlin University of Technology, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Process Dynamics and Operation, Berlin University of Technology, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114686100"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9184,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72277119,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"2711","last_page":"2719"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10864","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10864","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11401","display_name":"Minerals Flotation and Separation Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11630","display_name":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bubble","display_name":"Bubble","score":0.7739056348800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.746793270111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breakage","display_name":"Breakage","score":0.7023791670799255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-fluid-dynamics","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","score":0.6516714096069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coalescence","display_name":"Coalescence (physics)","score":0.5500987768173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence","display_name":"Turbulence","score":0.49436426162719727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4918084442615509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/draft-tube","display_name":"Draft tube","score":0.4767666459083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-eddy-simulation","display_name":"Large eddy simulation","score":0.4574448764324188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-transfer","display_name":"Mass transfer","score":0.4441896677017212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrainment","display_name":"Entrainment (biomusicology)","score":0.42809003591537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airlift","display_name":"Airlift","score":0.4170994460582733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3500370383262634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3317983150482178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.2941593527793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18369168043136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.16328132152557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioreactor","display_name":"Bioreactor","score":0.1012323796749115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.7739056348800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.746793270111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779015675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92796261","display_name":"Breakage","level":2,"score":0.7023791670799255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1633027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815820","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.6516714096069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149792144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2071902","display_name":"Coalescence (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5500987768173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.49436426162719727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4918084442615509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62420388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050991","display_name":"Draft tube","level":2,"score":0.4767666459083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121448008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755722","display_name":"Large eddy simulation","level":3,"score":0.4574448764324188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51038369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909534","display_name":"Mass transfer","level":2,"score":0.4441896677017212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139992725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380656","display_name":"Entrainment (biomusicology)","level":3,"score":0.42809003591537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779593757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256905","display_name":"Airlift","level":3,"score":0.4170994460582733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3500370383262634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3317983150482178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2941593527793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18369168043136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.16328132152557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168170006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864699","display_name":"Bioreactor","level":2,"score":0.1012323796749115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135343436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170406","display_name":"Rhythm","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2666542","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2666542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a4e0d4e0f6be4f08bb82c5c7a10517cd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a4e0d4e0f6be4f08bb82c5c7a10517cd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 5, Pp 2711-2719 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2017.2666542","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2666542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1073312748","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TRR 63","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324094","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974610897","https://openalex.org/W1975916729","https://openalex.org/W1977792325","https://openalex.org/W1983269142","https://openalex.org/W1991187897","https://openalex.org/W1995127549","https://openalex.org/W1998012247","https://openalex.org/W2004638244","https://openalex.org/W2010957824","https://openalex.org/W2012350295","https://openalex.org/W2013433043","https://openalex.org/W2018877188","https://openalex.org/W2021600890","https://openalex.org/W2022597391","https://openalex.org/W2024147749","https://openalex.org/W2025477072","https://openalex.org/W2026484789","https://openalex.org/W2030226764","https://openalex.org/W2033054180","https://openalex.org/W2036064930","https://openalex.org/W2048056062","https://openalex.org/W2049739008","https://openalex.org/W2059134071","https://openalex.org/W2075679604","https://openalex.org/W2080485492","https://openalex.org/W2080712414","https://openalex.org/W2083128250","https://openalex.org/W2084866426","https://openalex.org/W2088371258","https://openalex.org/W2104349513","https://openalex.org/W2109358199","https://openalex.org/W2109804110","https://openalex.org/W2124137751","https://openalex.org/W2130870013","https://openalex.org/W2142639494","https://openalex.org/W2161831185","https://openalex.org/W2206154908","https://openalex.org/W2319590137","https://openalex.org/W2356691142","https://openalex.org/W2738551941","https://openalex.org/W3120023447","https://openalex.org/W3217186294","https://openalex.org/W6788029972"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041202117","https://openalex.org/W36043358","https://openalex.org/W2044051165","https://openalex.org/W4384284033","https://openalex.org/W3042606388","https://openalex.org/W2030940543","https://openalex.org/W2007440059","https://openalex.org/W2078017008","https://openalex.org/W2289184422","https://openalex.org/W2378234452"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigated":[2,169],"the":[3,10,15,34,39,66,83,94,100,128,133,136,141,149,155],"problem":[4,150],"of":[5,52,135,151,159],"overall":[6],"gas":[7,160],"holdup":[8,161],"and":[9,23,45,59,76,107,131,163],"oxygen":[11],"mass":[12],"transfer":[13],"in":[14,65,82,170],"internal":[16,102,172],"loop":[17,103,173],"airlift":[18,104,174],"reactor":[19],"by":[20],"numerical":[21],"modeling":[22,143],"experimental":[24,129],"validation.":[25],"The":[26,115],"population":[27,95],"balance":[28,96],"model":[29,36,138],"(PBM)":[30],"was":[31,63,80,89],"introduced":[32],"as":[33,49],"general":[35],"to":[37,73,91],"characterize":[38],"bubble":[40,43,56,60,70,78,165],"behaviors,":[41],"i.e.,":[42],"breakage":[44],"coalescence.":[46],"Bubble":[47],"coalescence,":[48],"a":[50],"result":[51],"fluid":[53],"turbulent":[54],"eddy,":[55],"rise":[57],"difference,":[58],"wake":[61],"entrainment,":[62],"considered":[64],"PBM":[67,84,137],"kernels.":[68,85],"Meanwhile,":[69],"breakage,":[71],"owing":[72],"eddy":[74],"collision":[75],"large":[77],"instability,":[79],"included":[81],"A":[86],"class":[87],"method":[88,147],"applied":[90],"numerically":[92],"solve":[93],"equations.":[97],"Based":[98],"on":[99,113],"lab-scale":[101],"reactor,":[105],"experiments":[106],"CFD":[108,121],"simulations":[109],"have":[110],"been":[111],"carried":[112],"simultaneously.":[114],"comparison":[116],"between":[117,127],"them":[118],"demonstrated":[119],"that":[120],"simulation":[122],"results":[123],"had":[124],"good":[125],"agreement":[126],"data":[130],"validated":[132],"effectiveness":[134],"indirectly.":[139],"Therefore,":[140],"PBM-CFD":[142],"provides":[144],"an":[145,171],"effective":[146],"for":[148],"scale":[152],"up.":[153],"Finally,":[154],"flow":[156],"regime":[157],"transition":[158],"difference":[162],"small":[164],"volume":[166],"fraction":[167],"are":[168],"reactor.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}