{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2531835311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2640203","title":"Piecewise Companding Transform Assisted Optical-OFDM Systems for Indoor Visible Light Communications","display_name":"Piecewise Companding Transform Assisted Optical-OFDM Systems for Indoor Visible Light Communications","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2531835311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2640203","mag":"2531835311"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2016.2640203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2640203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2640203","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445026","display_name":"Hongming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-693X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329747","display_name":"Lie\u2010Liang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2032-9327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lie-Liang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2032-9327","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091122305","display_name":"Lajos Hanzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-5214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lajos Hanzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-5214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.7334,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74572101,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"295","last_page":"311"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/companding","display_name":"Companding","score":0.9440146684646606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.8609676361083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.7582805156707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clipping","display_name":"Clipping (morphology)","score":0.6407899856567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6086056232452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5578161478042603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piecewise","display_name":"Piecewise","score":0.44852960109710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.42855125665664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.41206708550453186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.29635089635849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.27519991993904114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23837250471115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.20849871635437012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2077482044696808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16579902172088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14114239811897278}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104250799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780765","display_name":"Companding","level":4,"score":0.9440146684646606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.8609676361083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.7582805156707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776848632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853463","display_name":"Clipping (morphology)","level":2,"score":0.6407899856567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6086056232452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5578161478042603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164660894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2037833","display_name":"Piecewise","level":2,"score":0.44852960109710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42855125665664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.41206708550453186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.29635089635849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.27519991993904114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23837250471115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.20849871635437012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2077482044696808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16579902172088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14114239811897278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2016.2640203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2640203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:401142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2640203>).","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e879a8ad378c446a96e0f95fabcf3dea","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e879a8ad378c446a96e0f95fabcf3dea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 5, Pp 295-311 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2016.2640203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2640203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3931104416","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/L018659/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3964311364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N004558/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6950388368","display_name":"Cooperative Classical and Quantum Communications Systems","funder_award_id":"EP/L018659/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7009292159","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/Noo4558/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","display_name":"Royal Society","ror":"https://ror.org/03wnrjx87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514652980","https://openalex.org/W1521591241","https://openalex.org/W1866475537","https://openalex.org/W1977953763","https://openalex.org/W1982454431","https://openalex.org/W1995700727","https://openalex.org/W2005598207","https://openalex.org/W2028078039","https://openalex.org/W2031653048","https://openalex.org/W2041806267","https://openalex.org/W2044398648","https://openalex.org/W2055548259","https://openalex.org/W2074447193","https://openalex.org/W2076600882","https://openalex.org/W2096776475","https://openalex.org/W2105862752","https://openalex.org/W2105935781","https://openalex.org/W2110411562","https://openalex.org/W2111066692","https://openalex.org/W2118176949","https://openalex.org/W2123068486","https://openalex.org/W2124496513","https://openalex.org/W2127063715","https://openalex.org/W2133367085","https://openalex.org/W2136732563","https://openalex.org/W2139642610","https://openalex.org/W2151764418","https://openalex.org/W2151834166","https://openalex.org/W2163826483","https://openalex.org/W2169127269","https://openalex.org/W2169965856","https://openalex.org/W2170466379","https://openalex.org/W2172186214","https://openalex.org/W2217351630","https://openalex.org/W2248382528","https://openalex.org/W2273885867","https://openalex.org/W2485002209","https://openalex.org/W3101880787","https://openalex.org/W4247112229","https://openalex.org/W4249046241","https://openalex.org/W6631398929","https://openalex.org/W6639135831"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2927927338","https://openalex.org/W1975194791","https://openalex.org/W2797704130","https://openalex.org/W1588746567","https://openalex.org/W3002459871","https://openalex.org/W4300798313","https://openalex.org/W2087695345","https://openalex.org/W2105254225","https://openalex.org/W4234463037","https://openalex.org/W2061818168"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,48,73,151],"visible":[1],"light":[2],"communications":[3],"(VLCs)":[4],"relying":[5],"on":[6,186,222],"intensity-modulation":[7],"and":[8,20,178,203,218,234],"direct":[9],"detection":[10],"(IM/DD),":[11],"the":[12,21,26,31,35,61,70,77,80,83,89,93,112,116,125,140,143,154,164,169,175,182,195,204,212,226,241],"conversion":[13,85],"from":[14],"electrical":[15],"signals":[16,19,54,98,114],"to":[17,75,124],"optical":[18,130],"limited":[22],"dynamic":[23,118],"range":[24],"of":[25,37,64,79,91,127,142,156,181,191,215,219,228],"light-emitting":[27],"diodes":[28],"(LEDs)":[29],"constitute":[30],"fundamental":[32],"impediments":[33],"in":[34,69,225],"way":[36],"high-integrity":[38],"communications,":[39],"especially":[40],"when":[41],"orthogonal":[42],"frequency-division":[43],"multiplexing":[44],"(OFDM)":[45],"is":[46,67,86,108,161],"employed.":[47],"IM/DD":[49,81],"VLCs,":[50,82,250],"only":[51],"real-valued":[52],"positive":[53],"are":[55,207],"used":[56,109],"for":[57,110,129,249],"signal":[58],"transmission.":[59],"However,":[60,120],"Fourier":[62],"transform":[63,159],"OFDM":[65,97,131],"systems":[66,146,224],"operated":[68],"complex":[71],"domain.":[72],"order":[74],"meet":[76],"requirements":[78],"complex-to-real":[84],"achieved":[87],"at":[88],"cost":[90],"reducing":[92],"bandwidth":[94,255],"efficiency.":[95],"Moreover,":[96],"experience":[99],"a":[100,138,244,253,264],"high":[101,254,257,259,265],"peak-to-average":[102],"power":[103],"ratio;":[104],"hence,":[105],"typically":[106],"clipping":[107,122,217],"confining":[111],"positive-valued":[113],"within":[115],"LED's":[117],"range.":[119],"hard":[121,216],"leads":[123],"loss":[126],"orthogonality":[128],"(O-OFDM)":[132],"signals,":[133],"generating":[134],"inter-carrier":[135],"interference.":[136],"As":[137],"result,":[139],"performance":[141],"clipping-based":[144],"O-OFDM":[145,165,223],"may":[147],"be":[148],"severely":[149],"degraded.":[150],"this":[152],"paper,":[153],"concept":[155],"piecewise":[157,183,192],"companding":[158],"(CT)":[160],"introduced":[162],"into":[163],"system":[166],"advocated,":[167],"forming":[168],"CTO-OFDM":[170,242],"arrangement.":[171],"We":[172],"first":[173],"investigate":[174,211],"general":[176],"principles":[177],"design":[179],"criteria":[180],"CTO-OFDM.":[184],"Based":[185],"our":[187,220],"studies,":[188],"three":[189],"types":[190],"companders,":[193],"namely,":[194],"constant":[196],"probability":[197],"sub-distribution":[198],"function,":[199],"linear":[200],"PsDF":[201],"(LPsDF),":[202],"non-LPsDF-based":[205],"CT,":[206],"designed.":[208],"Furthermore,":[209],"we":[210],"nonlinear":[213,269],"effect":[214],"CT":[221],"context":[227],"different":[229],"scenarios":[230],"by":[231],"both":[232],"analytical":[233],"simulation":[235],"techniques.":[236],"Our":[237],"investigations":[238],"show":[239],"that":[240],"constitutes":[243],"promising":[245],"signaling":[246],"scheme":[247],"conceived":[248],"which":[251],"exhibits":[252],"efficiency,":[256],"flexibility,":[258],"reliability,":[260],"as":[261,263],"well":[262],"data-rate,":[266],"despite":[267],"experiencing":[268],"distortions.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}