{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2566875278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2639538","title":"Two Novel Blind Equalization Algorithms for Rectangular Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Constellations","display_name":"Two Novel Blind Equalization Algorithms for Rectangular Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Constellations","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2566875278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2639538","mag":"2566875278"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2016.2639538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2639538","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7419931/07790854.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7419931/07790854.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qasim Umar Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0355-0783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qasim Umar Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0355-0783","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044933739","display_name":"Sara Viqar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Viqar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004388918","display_name":"Shahzad Amin Sheikh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9714-0189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahzad Amin Sheikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5002,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6648949,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"9512","last_page":"9519"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.7506722211837769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.681006669998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersymbol-interference","display_name":"Intersymbol interference","score":0.5506014823913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qam","display_name":"QAM","score":0.4861680865287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46576523780822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4653877317905426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature","display_name":"Quadrature (astronomy)","score":0.45833972096443176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.44363903999328613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4223289489746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blind-equalization","display_name":"Blind equalization","score":0.41178521513938904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4021070897579193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equalization","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","score":0.35380274057388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.13364216685295105}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.7506722211837769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.681006669998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97812054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166055","display_name":"Intersymbol interference","level":3,"score":0.5506014823913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59030546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265371","display_name":"QAM","level":5,"score":0.4861680865287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46576523780822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4653877317905426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62869609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28137","display_name":"Quadrature (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.45833972096443176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.44363903999328613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4223289489746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41425797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4926640","display_name":"Blind equalization","level":4,"score":0.41178521513938904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4021070897579193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75755367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104531076","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","level":3,"score":0.35380274057388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.13364216685295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2016.2639538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2639538","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7419931/07790854.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4ee098d5237d425082355e868ca3aa87","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4ee098d5237d425082355e868ca3aa87","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 4, Pp 9512-9519 (2016)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2016.2639538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2639538","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7419931/07790854.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2566875278.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2566875278.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520104545","https://openalex.org/W1528142434","https://openalex.org/W1575477160","https://openalex.org/W1970758098","https://openalex.org/W1972818598","https://openalex.org/W2000751593","https://openalex.org/W2024964075","https://openalex.org/W2026845644","https://openalex.org/W2033223327","https://openalex.org/W2034820056","https://openalex.org/W2055368439","https://openalex.org/W2097715461","https://openalex.org/W2097987904","https://openalex.org/W2111830038","https://openalex.org/W2117422424","https://openalex.org/W2137008936","https://openalex.org/W2144049625","https://openalex.org/W2158718884","https://openalex.org/W6631588663","https://openalex.org/W6681621970"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2349154090","https://openalex.org/W1979767700","https://openalex.org/W2384320280","https://openalex.org/W2044134872","https://openalex.org/W1991156510","https://openalex.org/W2159438609","https://openalex.org/W2008429332","https://openalex.org/W2135212577","https://openalex.org/W2137008936","https://openalex.org/W2408585019"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"novel":[1],"blind":[2],"equalization":[3],"techniques":[4],"for":[5,154],"odd":[6,180],"bit":[7],"rectangular":[8,20,30,110],"quadrature":[9],"amplitude":[10],"modulation":[11],"(RQAM)":[12],"signaling":[13],"are":[14],"proposed":[15,35,84,149,206,214],"in":[16,134,171],"this":[17],"paper,":[18],"namely,":[19],"contour":[21,31],"algorithm":[22,32,41,56,86],"(R":[23],"<sub":[24,37,224],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[25,38,225],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">RECT</sub>":[26,39,226],"CA)":[27],"and":[28,129,143,179,192],"improved":[29],"(IRCA).":[33],"The":[34,55,148],"R":[36,223],"CA":[40],"minimizes":[42],"the":[43,58,61,71,76,80,83,88,92,96,101,118,123,126,130,155,169,197,201,205,209,213,218],"dispersion":[44],"of":[45,60,115,161,176,182,204,212,220],"constant":[46],"with":[47],"respect":[48],"to":[49,63,104,140,173],"a":[50],"rectangular-shaped":[51],"zero":[52,108],"error":[53,66,109,189],"contour.":[54],"exploits":[57],"geometry":[59],"RQAM":[62],"correct":[64],"phase":[65],"within":[67],"180\u00b0,":[68],"thus":[69,99,167],"enhancing":[70],"convergence":[72,142,210],"rate":[73],"while":[74],"minimizing":[75],"equalizer":[77,102],"mis-adjustments.":[78],"On":[79],"other":[81],"hand,":[82],"IRCA":[85,215,221],"employs":[87],"estimated":[89],"output":[90,103,120],"from":[91],"decision":[93],"device":[94],"into":[95],"cost":[97,132],"function,":[98],"guiding":[100],"reside":[105],"on":[106],"multiple":[107],"shaped":[111],"moduli.":[112],"This":[113],"method":[114],"feeding":[116],"back":[117],"slicer":[119],"further":[121],"reduces":[122],"mis-adjustment":[124],"between":[125],"transmitted":[127],"constellation":[128,164],"new":[131],"function":[133],"an":[135],"efficient":[136],"manner,":[137],"which":[138,228],"leads":[139],"faster":[141],"better":[144],"intersymbol":[145],"interference":[146],"suppression.":[147],"algorithms":[150],"can":[151],"also":[152],"work":[153],"square":[156],"QAM":[157],"by":[158],"mere":[159],"change":[160],"only":[162],"two":[163],"dependent":[165],"constants,":[166],"facilitating":[168],"implementation":[170],"hardware":[172],"enable":[174],"transmission":[175],"both":[177],"even":[178],"number":[181],"bits":[183],"per":[184],"symbol":[185],"based":[186],"constellations.":[187],"Steady-state":[188],"analysis,":[190],"MSE,":[191],"residual":[193],"ISI":[194],"comparison":[195],"through":[196],"simulation":[198],"results":[199],"confirm":[200],"good":[202],"performance":[203],"algorithms.":[207],"Furthermore,":[208],"characteristics":[211],"scheme":[216],"establish":[217],"supremacy":[219],"over":[222],"CA,":[227],"is":[229],"its":[230],"parent":[231],"algorithm.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}