{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2540642777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2619719","title":"Comparing Oversampling Techniques to Handle the Class Imbalance Problem: A Customer Churn Prediction Case Study","display_name":"Comparing Oversampling Techniques to Handle the Class Imbalance Problem: A Customer Churn Prediction Case Study","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2540642777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2619719","mag":"2540642777"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2016.2619719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2619719","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7419931/07707454.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7419931/07707454.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036556607","display_name":"Adnan Amin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0852-8833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127363","display_name":"Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02m8e1r74","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Excellence in Information Technology, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0852-8833","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Excellence in Information Technology, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032370620","display_name":"Sajid Anwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-1656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127363","display_name":"Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02m8e1r74","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajid Anwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Excellence in Information Technology, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Excellence in Information Technology, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109222397","display_name":"Awais Adnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2372-8339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127363","display_name":"Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02m8e1r74","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Awais Adnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Excellence in Information Technology, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Excellence in Information Technology, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101774553","display_name":"Muhammad Nawaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2329-3518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127363","display_name":"Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02m8e1r74","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Nawaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Excellence in Information Technology, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Excellence in Information Technology, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042535938","display_name":"Newton Howard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-3973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Newton Howard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037574053","display_name":"Junaid Qadir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9466-2475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323252656","display_name":"Information Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngv8j44","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junaid Qadir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arfa Software Technology Park, Information Technology University, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9466-2475","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arfa Software Technology Park, Information Technology University, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080408255","display_name":"Ahmad Hawalah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Hawalah","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062211930","display_name":"Amir Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-082X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Computing Science and Maths, University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Computing Science and Maths, University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":24.7321,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":306,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99493396,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"7940","last_page":"7957"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12384","display_name":"Customer churn and segmentation","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oversampling","display_name":"Oversampling","score":0.9818019270896912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7707898020744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6219152212142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.6168832778930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5808445811271667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.492842435836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.47794368863105774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centroid","display_name":"Centroid","score":0.43145036697387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4288023114204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.42554229497909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4202728867530823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3458852767944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.16947394609451294}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197323446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331222","display_name":"Oversampling","level":3,"score":0.9818019270896912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7707898020744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6219152212142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.6168832778930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5808445811271667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.492842435836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.47794368863105774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146599234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q511093","display_name":"Centroid","level":2,"score":0.43145036697387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4288023114204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42554229497909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4202728867530823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3458852767944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.16947394609451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2016.2619719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2619719","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7419931/07707454.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b0201a5a2f8c4d6aa4f5edaa7d9f6d8b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b0201a5a2f8c4d6aa4f5edaa7d9f6d8b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 4, Pp 7940-7957 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/24917","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400268","display_name":"Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","host_organization_name":"University of Stirling","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:napier-surface.worktribe.com:1792667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://napier-surface.worktribe.com/1792667/1/Comparing%20Oversampling%20Techniques%20to%20Handle%20the%20Class%20Imbalance%20Problem%3A%20%20A%20Customer%20Churn%20Prediction%20Case%20Study","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400544","display_name":"Research Output (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository@napier.ac.uk:1792667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1792667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402591","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2016.2619719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2619719","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7419931/07707454.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4097937278","display_name":"Towards visually-driven speech enhancement for cognitively-inspired multi-modal hearing-aid devices (AV-COGHEAR)","funder_award_id":"EP/M026981/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4769349813","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M026981/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2540642777.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2540642777.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85350352","https://openalex.org/W107910782","https://openalex.org/W142793689","https://openalex.org/W144179781","https://openalex.org/W210310222","https://openalex.org/W590132924","https://openalex.org/W805196325","https://openalex.org/W1508620301","https://openalex.org/W1533970595","https://openalex.org/W1557533423","https://openalex.org/W1563938718","https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1566376227","https://openalex.org/W1567313600","https://openalex.org/W1766594731","https://openalex.org/W1854072653","https://openalex.org/W1883898636","https://openalex.org/W1965895350","https://openalex.org/W1966021193","https://openalex.org/W1977210668","https://openalex.org/W1981755567","https://openalex.org/W1993220166","https://openalex.org/W2001706356","https://openalex.org/W2003083941","https://openalex.org/W2005755239","https://openalex.org/W2010354425","https://openalex.org/W2011376672","https://openalex.org/W2017204136","https://openalex.org/W2040010062","https://openalex.org/W2044561565","https://openalex.org/W2048244076","https://openalex.org/W2048755952","https://openalex.org/W2053724458","https://openalex.org/W2054640944","https://openalex.org/W2059284263","https://openalex.org/W2063734355","https://openalex.org/W2067594023","https://openalex.org/W2084571098","https://openalex.org/W2087240369","https://openalex.org/W2099435377","https://openalex.org/W2099454382","https://openalex.org/W2100420037","https://openalex.org/W2104933073","https://openalex.org/W2113492056","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2117578886","https://openalex.org/W2121946324","https://openalex.org/W2123411272","https://openalex.org/W2127997603","https://openalex.org/W2132755990","https://openalex.org/W2132996843","https://openalex.org/W2143411224","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2150088099","https://openalex.org/W2154027576","https://openalex.org/W2154053567","https://openalex.org/W2164330572","https://openalex.org/W2167277498","https://openalex.org/W2182884414","https://openalex.org/W2185157108","https://openalex.org/W2189265340","https://openalex.org/W2285627996","https://openalex.org/W2297422159","https://openalex.org/W2341593984","https://openalex.org/W2395272910","https://openalex.org/W2412629076","https://openalex.org/W2492922441","https://openalex.org/W2500001787","https://openalex.org/W2508016355","https://openalex.org/W2511063986","https://openalex.org/W2576069552","https://openalex.org/W2799148064","https://openalex.org/W2891857106","https://openalex.org/W2972306972","https://openalex.org/W2979832949","https://openalex.org/W3144789060","https://openalex.org/W4230683138","https://openalex.org/W4255833381","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4301006716","https://openalex.org/W6603460400","https://openalex.org/W6605806949","https://openalex.org/W6608466516","https://openalex.org/W6644523476","https://openalex.org/W6675634716","https://openalex.org/W6677386548","https://openalex.org/W6677584959","https://openalex.org/W6679900042","https://openalex.org/W6685820466","https://openalex.org/W6704412692","https://openalex.org/W6715341971","https://openalex.org/W6732087796","https://openalex.org/W6754451734","https://openalex.org/W7045797936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2766503024","https://openalex.org/W2781247653","https://openalex.org/W4206637278","https://openalex.org/W4386005305","https://openalex.org/W4386214543","https://openalex.org/W3082051559","https://openalex.org/W1969988626","https://openalex.org/W1682621979","https://openalex.org/W2141301039","https://openalex.org/W2152863486"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Customer":[0],"retention":[1,30],"is":[2,54,60,70,85],"a":[3],"major":[4],"issue":[5],"for":[6,16,88],"various":[7,95],"service-based":[8],"organizations":[9],"particularly":[10],"telecom":[11],"industry,":[12],"wherein":[13],"predictive":[14,44,178],"models":[15,45],"observing":[17],"the":[18,25,34,38,41,50,64,77,90,108,147,176,189,194,197],"behavior":[19,36],"of":[20,24,37,43,110,149,180,196],"customers":[21],"are":[22,46],"one":[23,68],"great":[26],"instruments":[27],"in":[28,94],"customer":[29],"process":[31],"and":[32,106,137,163,182,201],"inferring":[33],"future":[35],"customers.":[39],"However,":[40],"performances":[42,109],"greatly":[47],"affected":[48],"when":[49],"real-world":[51],"data":[52,58,169],"set":[53,59],"highly":[55],"imbalanced.":[56],"A":[57],"called":[61],"imbalanced":[62],"if":[63],"samples":[65],"size":[66],"from":[67,155],"class":[69],"very":[71],"much":[72],"smaller":[73],"or":[74],"larger":[75],"than":[76],"other":[78],"classes.":[79],"The":[80,171],"most":[81],"commonly":[82],"used":[83],"technique":[84],"over/under":[86],"sampling":[87,104,125],"handling":[89],"class-imbalance":[91],"problem":[92],"(CIP)":[93],"domains.":[96],"In":[97],"this":[98,143],"paper,":[99],"we":[100],"survey":[101],"six":[102],"well-known":[103],"techniques":[105],"compare":[107],"these":[111],"key":[112],"techniques,":[113],"i.e.,":[114],"mega-trend":[115],"diffusion":[116],"function":[117],"(MTDF),":[118],"synthetic":[119,124],"minority":[120,134],"oversampling":[121,135,140,199],"technique,":[122,136],"adaptive":[123],"approach,":[126],"couples":[127],"top-N":[128],"reverse":[129],"k-nearest":[130],"neighbor,":[131],"majority":[132],"weighted":[133],"immune":[138],"centroids":[139],"technique.":[141],"Moreover,":[142],"paper":[144],"also":[145],"reveals":[146],"evaluation":[148],"four":[150],"rules-generation":[151,183],"algorithms":[152,187],"(the":[153],"learning":[154],"example":[156],"module,":[157],"version":[158],"2":[159],"(LEM2),":[160],"covering,":[161],"exhaustive,":[162],"genetic":[164,186],"algorithms)":[165],"using":[166],"publicly":[167],"available":[168],"sets.":[170],"empirical":[172],"results":[173],"demonstrate":[174],"that":[175],"overall":[177],"performance":[179],"MTDF":[181],"based":[184],"on":[185],"performed":[188],"best":[190],"as":[191],"compared":[192],"with":[193],"rest":[195],"evaluated":[198],"methods":[200],"rule-generation":[202],"algorithms.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}