{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2535667984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2618772","title":"Virtual Spatial Modulation","display_name":"Virtual Spatial Modulation","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2535667984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2618772","mag":"2535667984"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2016.2618772","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2618772","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7419931/07593342.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7419931/07593342.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059861484","display_name":"Jun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3465-1621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80611190","display_name":"Jeonbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05q92br09","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80611190"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80611190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065457510","display_name":"Miaowen Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-7048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miaowen Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-7048","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100671192","display_name":"Meng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8217-042X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068110218","display_name":"Xiang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5943-0326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.6742,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85909885,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"6929","last_page":"6938"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.6598391532897949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singular-value-decomposition","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","score":0.5939637422561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5896425247192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5754563808441162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5559709072113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.47517696022987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imperfect","display_name":"Imperfect","score":0.4630337953567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-modulation","display_name":"Spatial modulation","score":0.4594934582710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.43922650814056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.39166951179504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3388565182685852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.27591902017593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20172923803329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.18057864904403687}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.6598391532897949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22789450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420904","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","level":2,"score":0.5939637422561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5896425247192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5754563808441162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5559709072113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.47517696022987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.4630337953567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019745063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107304836","display_name":"Spatial modulation","level":4,"score":0.4594934582710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.43922650814056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.39166951179504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3388565182685852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.27591902017593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20172923803329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.18057864904403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2016.2618772","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2618772","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7419931/07593342.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:389318eaf4f94bd194a043c89b5d517c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/389318eaf4f94bd194a043c89b5d517c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 4, Pp 6929-6938 (2016)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2016.2618772","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2618772","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7419931/07593342.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3295119435","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61201249","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3518328855","display_name":"5G\u5168\u9891\u6bb5Massive MIMO\u4fe1\u9053\u6d4b\u91cf\u3001\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5efa\u6a21\u4ee5\u53ca\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61571020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6776907995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61622101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8756849778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61501190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2535667984.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2535667984.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522045078","https://openalex.org/W1555197957","https://openalex.org/W1600663521","https://openalex.org/W1971549192","https://openalex.org/W1974637548","https://openalex.org/W1983622732","https://openalex.org/W1986745574","https://openalex.org/W2005662287","https://openalex.org/W2006367686","https://openalex.org/W2029262884","https://openalex.org/W2034084319","https://openalex.org/W2034717085","https://openalex.org/W2059955057","https://openalex.org/W2067605736","https://openalex.org/W2068782323","https://openalex.org/W2092364909","https://openalex.org/W2098929637","https://openalex.org/W2105572715","https://openalex.org/W2106929598","https://openalex.org/W2107229032","https://openalex.org/W2113269004","https://openalex.org/W2118233273","https://openalex.org/W2125687794","https://openalex.org/W2126734312","https://openalex.org/W2130509920","https://openalex.org/W2132033918","https://openalex.org/W2133111418","https://openalex.org/W2147930274","https://openalex.org/W2152868099","https://openalex.org/W2157005274","https://openalex.org/W2157506678","https://openalex.org/W2158274786","https://openalex.org/W2158714612","https://openalex.org/W2163504740","https://openalex.org/W2294556344","https://openalex.org/W2344065342","https://openalex.org/W2348793629","https://openalex.org/W2404663615","https://openalex.org/W2461278549","https://openalex.org/W2541204438","https://openalex.org/W2963170755","https://openalex.org/W3008609509","https://openalex.org/W3105827742","https://openalex.org/W4248676392"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4321519077","https://openalex.org/W4323520865","https://openalex.org/W4323351275","https://openalex.org/W2119747789","https://openalex.org/W4323520696","https://openalex.org/W4323354078","https://openalex.org/W2906309544","https://openalex.org/W2008862172","https://openalex.org/W2028792010","https://openalex.org/W4323354284"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"a":[5,57],"virtual":[6,17,41],"spatial":[7,124],"modulation":[8,14,125],"(VSM)":[9],"scheme":[10,32,117],"that":[11,114],"performs":[12],"index":[13],"on":[15,61],"the":[16,22,27,37,40,45,62,70,77,85,93,100,110,115,120,128],"parallel":[18,42],"channels":[19,43],"resulting":[20,94],"from":[21],"singular":[23],"value":[24],"decomposition":[25],"of":[26,39,72],"multi-input-multi-output":[28],"channels.":[29],"The":[30],"VSM":[31,116],"conveys":[33],"information":[34],"through":[35],"both":[36],"indices":[38],"and":[44,92,112],"<inline-formula":[46],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[47],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[48],"<tex-math":[49],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$M$":[50],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[51],"-ary":[52],"modulated":[53],"symbols.":[54],"We":[55],"derive":[56],"closed-form":[58],"upper":[59],"bound":[60],"average":[63],"bit":[64],"error":[65,86],"probability":[66],"(ABEP),":[67],"which":[68,83],"considers":[69],"impact":[71],"imperfect":[73,89],"channel":[74,90,105],"estimation.":[75,106],"Moreover,":[76],"asymptotic":[78],"ABEP":[79],"is":[80],"also":[81],"studied,":[82],"characterizes":[84],"floor":[87],"under":[88,103,127],"estimation":[91],"diversity":[95],"order":[96],"as":[97,99],"well":[98],"coding":[101],"gain":[102],"perfect":[104],"Computer":[107],"simulations":[108],"verify":[109],"analysis":[111],"show":[113],"can":[118],"outperform":[119],"existing":[121],"pre-coding":[122],"aided":[123],"schemes":[126],"same":[129],"spectral":[130],"efficiency.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
