{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2508962983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2600623","title":"A Temporal-Spatial Method for Group Detection, Locating and Tracking","display_name":"A Temporal-Spatial Method for Group Detection, Locating and Tracking","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2508962983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2600623","mag":"2508962983"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2016.2600623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2600623","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7419931/07549033.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7419931/07549033.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359461","display_name":"Shengnan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5499-6059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shengnan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software and TNList, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","ORCiD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software and TNList, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101678402","display_name":"Zheng Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4637-2518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software and TNList, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software and TNList, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079301418","display_name":"Houbing Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-9223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181223716","display_name":"West Virginia University Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/028ebfc83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181223716"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houbing Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, West Virginia University, Montgomery, WV, USA","ORCiD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, West Virginia University, Montgomery, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181223716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100359461"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":22.9005,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99281928,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"4484","last_page":"4494"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7847335338592529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.7624523639678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.641518235206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-contextual-awareness","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","score":0.5750203728675842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.5294320583343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5184240341186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.4776914417743683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.45452064275741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45070478320121765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.44644618034362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-awareness","display_name":"Context awareness","score":0.4446549713611603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-city","display_name":"Smart city","score":0.44399991631507874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4318027198314667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.42745858430862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37273862957954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3314098119735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.16817441582679749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.15087783336639404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08453351259231567}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7847335338592529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7624523639678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.641518235206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64754055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574053","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","level":2,"score":0.5750203728675842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.5294320583343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5184240341186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.4776914417743683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.45452064275741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45070478320121765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44644618034362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781368080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501688","display_name":"Context awareness","level":3,"score":0.4446549713611603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777103469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231558","display_name":"Smart city","level":3,"score":0.44399991631507874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4318027198314667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.42745858430862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37273862957954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3314098119735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.16817441582679749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.15087783336639404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08453351259231567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2016.2600623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2600623","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7419931/07549033.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c6de449f65ca426c869efa34a18bd67a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c6de449f65ca426c869efa34a18bd67a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 4, Pp 4484-4494 (2016)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2016.2600623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2600623","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7419931/07549033.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2508962983.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2508962983.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545307009","https://openalex.org/W1558757797","https://openalex.org/W1758464101","https://openalex.org/W1883992452","https://openalex.org/W1934562893","https://openalex.org/W1981120211","https://openalex.org/W1993267444","https://openalex.org/W2020124323","https://openalex.org/W2033593612","https://openalex.org/W2044900827","https://openalex.org/W2053617503","https://openalex.org/W2064143234","https://openalex.org/W2071049788","https://openalex.org/W2076650017","https://openalex.org/W2097531960","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2118055871","https://openalex.org/W2123430619","https://openalex.org/W2133066471","https://openalex.org/W2135902042","https://openalex.org/W2141540608","https://openalex.org/W2143993933","https://openalex.org/W2150711048","https://openalex.org/W2152701363","https://openalex.org/W2156404870","https://openalex.org/W2171360984","https://openalex.org/W2342431457","https://openalex.org/W2407452468","https://openalex.org/W4231756768","https://openalex.org/W4242010931"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3090300519","https://openalex.org/W2514492205","https://openalex.org/W4250401876","https://openalex.org/W2943851981","https://openalex.org/W2907667791","https://openalex.org/W3047461507","https://openalex.org/W3126390843","https://openalex.org/W4245880644","https://openalex.org/W2528680939","https://openalex.org/W4312415459"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,64,76],"prevalence":[2],"of":[3,78,96],"smart":[4,8],"devices,":[5],"such":[6,40],"as":[7,41],"phones,":[9],"wearable":[10],"equipments,":[11],"and":[12,30,48,62,66,94,98],"infrastructures,":[13],"location-based":[14],"service":[15],"(LBS)":[16],"has":[17],"thrived":[18],"in":[19,37],"our":[20,87],"daily":[21],"life.":[22],"In":[23,51],"those":[24],"practical":[25],"LBS":[26],"applications,":[27],"group":[28],"detection":[29,72],"tracking":[31],"is":[32],"a":[33,57,69],"context-related":[34],"research":[35],"field":[36],"many":[38],"scenarios,":[39],"school":[42],"yard,":[43],"office":[44],"building,":[45],"shopping":[46],"mall":[47],"so":[49],"on.":[50],"this":[52],"paper,":[53],"we":[54],"heuristically":[55],"develop":[56],"temporal-spatial":[58],"method":[59],"for":[60],"clustering":[61],"locating":[63],"groups,":[65],"then":[67],"leverage":[68],"CRF-based":[70],"event":[71],"mechanism":[73],"to":[74],"improve":[75],"performance":[77],"recognizing":[79],"contextual":[80],"behaviors.":[81],"The":[82],"experimental":[83],"results":[84],"demonstrate":[85],"that":[86],"system":[88],"can":[89],"achieve":[90],"an":[91],"impressive":[92],"accuracy":[93],"precision":[95],"grouping":[97],"tracking.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}