{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2407477828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2573681","title":"How Many Wi-Fi APs Does it Take to Light a Lightbulb?","display_name":"How Many Wi-Fi APs Does it Take to Light a Lightbulb?","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2407477828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2573681","mag":"2407477828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2016.2573681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2573681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2573681","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046029646","display_name":"Orestis Georgiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2303-6754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143477","display_name":"Toshiba (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/054hmd463","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757","https://openalex.org/I4210143477"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Orestis Georgiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toshiba Telecommunications Research Laboratory, Bristol, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toshiba Telecommunications Research Laboratory, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080926024","display_name":"Konstantinos Mimis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9416-7623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143477","display_name":"Toshiba (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/054hmd463","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757","https://openalex.org/I4210143477"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Mimis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toshiba Telecommunications Research Laboratory, Bristol, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toshiba Telecommunications Research Laboratory, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087089293","display_name":"David Halls","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6136-2342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143477","display_name":"Toshiba (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/054hmd463","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757","https://openalex.org/I4210143477"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Halls","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toshiba Telecommunications Research Laboratory, Bristol, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toshiba Telecommunications Research Laboratory, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065788589","display_name":"William Hedley Thompson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0533-6035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143477","display_name":"Toshiba (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/054hmd463","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757","https://openalex.org/I4210143477"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William H. Thompson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toshiba Telecommunications Research Laboratory, Bristol, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toshiba Telecommunications Research Laboratory, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143477"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053883110","display_name":"David Gibbins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6829-3060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143477","display_name":"Toshiba (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/054hmd463","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757","https://openalex.org/I4210143477"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Gibbins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toshiba Telecommunications Research Laboratory, Bristol, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toshiba Telecommunications Research Laboratory, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143477"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046029646"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143477"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.2052,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88543457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"3732","last_page":"3746"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.705862820148468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6097404360771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5558018684387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4894825220108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.48210906982421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.478166401386261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4752383232116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.4461381435394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.43632084131240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.4329760670661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4324203133583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.40314802527427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2661508321762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1238621175289154}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.705862820148468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6097404360771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5558018684387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4894825220108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.48210906982421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.478166401386261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4752383232116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.4461381435394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43632084131240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.4329760670661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4324203133583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.40314802527427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2661508321762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1238621175289154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2016.2573681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2573681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6fa7d8fbf5dd45ce8cedbc764db2a4dc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6fa7d8fbf5dd45ce8cedbc764db2a4dc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 4, Pp 3732-3746 (2016)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2016.2573681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2573681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485998853","https://openalex.org/W1490838567","https://openalex.org/W1499152962","https://openalex.org/W1563362697","https://openalex.org/W1647572132","https://openalex.org/W1888089340","https://openalex.org/W1918548038","https://openalex.org/W1976570785","https://openalex.org/W1982686915","https://openalex.org/W1985353869","https://openalex.org/W1992669677","https://openalex.org/W2000463897","https://openalex.org/W2015786472","https://openalex.org/W2032530270","https://openalex.org/W2034151099","https://openalex.org/W2039910645","https://openalex.org/W2048030948","https://openalex.org/W2048585917","https://openalex.org/W2056500632","https://openalex.org/W2082562860","https://openalex.org/W2084729822","https://openalex.org/W2090928985","https://openalex.org/W2098275572","https://openalex.org/W2099028871","https://openalex.org/W2099461393","https://openalex.org/W2118588134","https://openalex.org/W2120345201","https://openalex.org/W2125488136","https://openalex.org/W2134790395","https://openalex.org/W2137917442","https://openalex.org/W2143495027","https://openalex.org/W2145873277","https://openalex.org/W2148714576","https://openalex.org/W2150540376","https://openalex.org/W2150689903","https://openalex.org/W2152061372","https://openalex.org/W2156695866","https://openalex.org/W2159054436","https://openalex.org/W2161044775","https://openalex.org/W2169513960","https://openalex.org/W2246235965","https://openalex.org/W2522300649","https://openalex.org/W2583922584","https://openalex.org/W2730171493","https://openalex.org/W2951440838","https://openalex.org/W2963531496","https://openalex.org/W3099625400","https://openalex.org/W3195294046","https://openalex.org/W4242781462","https://openalex.org/W4299603435","https://openalex.org/W6629051325","https://openalex.org/W6671297281","https://openalex.org/W6682293484","https://openalex.org/W6726910714","https://openalex.org/W6740219856","https://openalex.org/W6785889307"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2481123202","https://openalex.org/W3215276847","https://openalex.org/W2283356986","https://openalex.org/W2739833256","https://openalex.org/W2068457700","https://openalex.org/W2295214527","https://openalex.org/W2894634295","https://openalex.org/W2588433420","https://openalex.org/W4289134200","https://openalex.org/W2185129367"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"global":[1],"move":[2],"toward":[3,11],"wireless":[4],"access":[5],"point":[6],"(AP)":[7],"densification":[8,143,201],"has":[9],"alluded":[10],"the":[12,16,23,38,47,56,70,89,160,166,170,205],"possibility":[13],"of":[14,43,92,134,162,174,217],"harvesting":[15],"unused":[17],"ambient":[18,53,135,194],"RF":[19,136,195,219],"energy,":[20],"especially":[21],"in":[22,27,60,74,110,159,203,212],"2.4-GHz":[24],"unlicensed":[25],"band,":[26],"order":[28],"to":[29,117],"power":[30,72,90,107,146,208],"useful":[31],"electronic":[32],"devices,":[33,185],"which":[34],"collectively":[35],"make":[36],"up":[37],"so-called":[39],"low":[40],"energy":[41,54,220],"Internet":[42],"Things":[44],"(LE-IoT).":[45],"Despite":[46],"huge":[48],"market":[49],"demand":[50],"for":[51,87,98],"free":[52],"and":[55,77,95,128,130],"research":[57],"community's":[58],"efforts":[59],"prototyping":[61],"efficient":[62],"rectifiers,":[63],"there":[64],"is,":[65,84],"however,":[66],"little":[67],"knowledge":[68],"about":[69],"available":[71,207,218],"densities":[73],"dense":[75],"indoor":[76,113],"outdoor":[78],"AP":[79,120,142,200],"deployments.":[80],"Obtaining":[81],"this":[82,103,198],"information":[83],"therefore,":[85],"vital":[86],"engineering":[88],"requirements":[91],"LE-IoT":[93],"devices":[94,148],"managing":[96],"expectations":[97],"their":[99],"subsequent":[100],"commercialization.":[101],"In":[102,178],"paper,":[104],"we":[105],"present":[106],"density":[108],"measurements":[109,181],"a":[111,132,214],"controlled":[112],"ultra-dense":[114],"deployment":[115],"corresponding":[116],"approximately":[118],"one":[119],"per":[121],"square":[122],"meter.":[123],"We":[124],"detail":[125],"our":[126,180],"methodology":[127],"hardware":[129],"offer":[131],"variety":[133],"measurement":[137],"results":[138],"suggesting":[139],"that":[140,183],"Wi-Fi":[141],"cannot":[144],"solely":[145],"personal":[147],"such":[149,175,186],"as":[150,187],"wearables,":[151],"but":[152,210],"at":[153],"best":[154],"can":[155,190],"trickle":[156],"charge":[157],"them":[158],"hopes":[161],"extending":[163],"battery":[164],"life,":[165],"main":[167],"hurdle":[168],"being":[169],"small":[171],"form":[172],"factor":[173],"mobile":[176],"devices.":[177],"contrast,":[179],"suggest":[182],"household":[184],"smoke":[188],"detectors,":[189],"be":[191],"powered":[192],"by":[193],"harvesting.":[196],"To":[197],"end,":[199],"aids":[202],"increasing":[204],"total":[206],"density,":[209],"also":[211],"distributing":[213],"smooth":[215],"blanket":[216],"thus":[221],"minimizing":[222],"harvesting-holes.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
