{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2333462425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2548081","title":"Design of Autonomous and Manual Driving System for 4WIS4WID Vehicle","display_name":"Design of Autonomous and Manual Driving System for 4WIS4WID Vehicle","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2333462425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2548081","mag":"2333462425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2016.2548081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2548081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2548081","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051865874","display_name":"Tzuu\u2010Hseng S. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6194-330X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tzuu-Hseng S. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["aiRobots Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"aiRobots Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067817614","display_name":"Ming\u2010Han Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0017-4498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Han Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["aiRobots Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"aiRobots Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101059234","display_name":"Chia-Wei Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Wei Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["aiRobots Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"aiRobots Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060956404","display_name":"Guan-Hong Liou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guan-Hong Liou","raw_affiliation_strings":["aiRobots Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"aiRobots Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002340977","display_name":"Wen\u2010Chang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-7220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Chung Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["aiRobots Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"aiRobots Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.5211,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87977225,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"2256","last_page":"2271"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7505307793617249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-control-system","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","score":0.5834003686904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5620173215866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-vision","display_name":"Machine vision","score":0.5532413125038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.4726540148258209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4324261546134949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3977958559989929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3807535767555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3730483949184418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13746514916419983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7505307793617249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195975749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475705","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","level":3,"score":0.5834003686904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5620173215866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5339829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425977","display_name":"Machine vision","level":2,"score":0.5532413125038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.4726540148258209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4324261546134949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3977958559989929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3807535767555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3730483949184418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13746514916419983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2016.2548081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2548081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a1f3ed301e1544889dc30b068dfd329d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a1f3ed301e1544889dc30b068dfd329d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 4, Pp 2256-2271 (2016)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2016.2548081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2548081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5061745620","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 104-2221-E-006-228-MY2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5926965260","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 103-2221-E-006-252","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324663","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1684234301","https://openalex.org/W1920813013","https://openalex.org/W1969387054","https://openalex.org/W1977230515","https://openalex.org/W1979706043","https://openalex.org/W1984031386","https://openalex.org/W1984266349","https://openalex.org/W2008929839","https://openalex.org/W2015586501","https://openalex.org/W2030226764","https://openalex.org/W2031291740","https://openalex.org/W2036361448","https://openalex.org/W2040854238","https://openalex.org/W2045140613","https://openalex.org/W2070724998","https://openalex.org/W2078798748","https://openalex.org/W2093535548","https://openalex.org/W2093771543","https://openalex.org/W2094247195","https://openalex.org/W2095905764","https://openalex.org/W2099961994","https://openalex.org/W2107682858","https://openalex.org/W2109010302","https://openalex.org/W2117367877","https://openalex.org/W2120920317","https://openalex.org/W2125624188","https://openalex.org/W2130557117","https://openalex.org/W2132174730","https://openalex.org/W2142224091","https://openalex.org/W2144696721","https://openalex.org/W2145372129","https://openalex.org/W2145755120","https://openalex.org/W2146122494","https://openalex.org/W2148522979","https://openalex.org/W2163825260","https://openalex.org/W2296004723"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053208463","https://openalex.org/W135622916","https://openalex.org/W2143099235","https://openalex.org/W2121172820","https://openalex.org/W2390405001","https://openalex.org/W2038357898","https://openalex.org/W2366143093","https://openalex.org/W1572304478","https://openalex.org/W1991899305","https://openalex.org/W2365208199"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,108,196],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"a":[5,16,110,159,170],"driving":[6,23,28,178,186],"system":[7,14,29,179],"consisting":[8],"of":[9,31,85,124,202],"an":[10,209],"autonomous":[11,27],"and":[12,20,38,41,47,66,101,165,172],"manual":[13,177],"for":[15,89,205],"four-wheel":[17,21],"independent":[18,22],"steering":[19],"(4WIS4WID)":[24],"vehicle.":[25],"The":[26,51,78],"consists":[30],"three":[32],"applications,":[33],"lane":[34],"following,":[35],"reverse":[36],"parking,":[37,40],"parallel":[39],"is":[42,104,131,180,213],"based":[43,182],"on":[44,63,82,183],"machine":[45],"vision":[46,125],"fuzzy":[48,128,149],"control":[49,70,129],"theory.":[50],"vehicle":[52,88,95,139,153],"implements":[53],"these":[54,203],"functions":[55],"by":[56,67],"using":[57,68,146],"four":[58],"webcams":[59,79],"to":[60,72,133,194,198],"detect":[61],"lines":[62],"the":[64,75,86,94,102,121,127,137,142,147,151,176,184,200,206],"ground":[65],"related":[69],"technologies":[71],"command":[73],"all":[74,83,90],"server":[76],"motors.":[77],"are":[80],"installed":[81],"sides":[84],"4WIS4WID":[87,138,152,207],"around":[91],"viewing,":[92],"but":[93],"still":[96],"has":[97],"many":[98],"blind":[99],"spots":[100],"view":[103],"not":[105],"wide":[106],"enough.":[107],"additon,":[109],"parking":[111],"space":[112],"cannot":[113],"be":[114],"viewed":[115],"completely":[116],"in":[117,158,169],"one":[118],"image.":[119],"Therefore,":[120],"integrating":[122],"judgements":[123],"with":[126],"methods":[130],"necessary":[132],"make":[134],"sure":[135],"that":[136,189],"can":[140,154,166,191],"perform":[141],"correct":[143],"motions.":[144],"By":[145],"proposed":[148],"rules,":[150],"change":[155],"its":[156],"velocity":[157],"timely":[160],"way":[161],"under":[162],"any":[163],"condition":[164],"successfully":[167],"move":[168],"narrow":[171],"curved":[173],"lane.":[174],"Moreover,":[175],"designed":[181],"traditional":[185],"system,":[187],"so":[188],"people":[190],"easily":[192],"adapt":[193],"it.":[195],"order":[197],"verify":[199],"feasibility":[201],"applications":[204],"vehicle,":[208],"indoor":[210],"real-time":[211],"experiment":[212],"conducted.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}