{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2221798555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2015.2505243","title":"Multiple Projective Dictionary Learning to Detect Plastic Surgery for Face Verification","display_name":"Multiple Projective Dictionary Learning to Detect Plastic Surgery for Face Verification","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2221798555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2015.2505243","mag":"2221798555"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2015.2505243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2015.2505243","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7042252/07346404.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7042252/07346404.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010461217","display_name":"Naman Kohli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1896-4348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naman Kohli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075687286","display_name":"Daksha Yadav","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daksha Yadav","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050320880","display_name":"Afzel Noore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3406-7487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afzel Noore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.1339,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89650883,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"2572","last_page":"2580"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5847434401512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5567855834960938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.521257221698761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.512241780757904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.47546643018722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4563591480255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projective-test","display_name":"Projective test","score":0.42354023456573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29659533500671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.10045459866523743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09415566921234131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5847434401512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5567855834960938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.521257221698761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.512241780757904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.47546643018722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4563591480255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177846678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501864","display_name":"Projective test","level":2,"score":0.42354023456573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29659533500671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.10045459866523743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09415566921234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2015.2505243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2015.2505243","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7042252/07346404.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchrepository.wvu.edu:faculty_publications-3223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/faculty_publications/2301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402612","display_name":"The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","host_organization_name":"West Virginia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty & Staff Scholarship","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c2ae3d4514ab415899332b002bf61d28","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c2ae3d4514ab415899332b002bf61d28","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 3, Pp 2572-2580 (2015)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2015.2505243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2015.2505243","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7042252/07346404.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2221798555.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2221798555.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598106187","https://openalex.org/W1776363246","https://openalex.org/W1963932623","https://openalex.org/W1982405594","https://openalex.org/W2003584106","https://openalex.org/W2023157261","https://openalex.org/W2027805700","https://openalex.org/W2039051707","https://openalex.org/W2042137184","https://openalex.org/W2047186200","https://openalex.org/W2054846461","https://openalex.org/W2085065988","https://openalex.org/W2085810284","https://openalex.org/W2102933609","https://openalex.org/W2112760996","https://openalex.org/W2124750300","https://openalex.org/W2129812935","https://openalex.org/W2141983208","https://openalex.org/W2145553708","https://openalex.org/W2150446981","https://openalex.org/W2157785665","https://openalex.org/W2160547390","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2163112044","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2166371785","https://openalex.org/W2652751060","https://openalex.org/W2912990735","https://openalex.org/W6635877673","https://openalex.org/W6684213969","https://openalex.org/W6739509182"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001489718","https://openalex.org/W2024319036","https://openalex.org/W1549557214","https://openalex.org/W1982071305","https://openalex.org/W2004502427","https://openalex.org/W2059052781","https://openalex.org/W2419173576","https://openalex.org/W2073468254","https://openalex.org/W2461518464","https://openalex.org/W2011017119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Researchers":[0],"have":[1],"shown":[2],"that":[3,19,41,55,106,144],"the":[4,21,59,101,107,126,131,159,170,179,194,202,218,222],"changes":[5],"in":[6,169,242],"face":[7,96,162,232,254],"features":[8],"due":[9],"to":[10,25,69,113,147,208,215,221,238],"plastic":[11,71,84,102,115,133,153,172,250],"surgery":[12,72,85,103,116,134,173,251],"can":[13],"be":[14,148],"modeled":[15],"as":[16],"a":[17,27,35,48,66,119,129,151,210,246],"covariate":[18],"reduces":[20],"ability":[22],"of":[23,61,80,122,128,141,249],"algorithms":[24],"recognize":[26],"person's":[28],"identity.":[29],"Traditional":[30],"dictionary":[31,51],"learning":[32,52,78],"methods":[33],"learn":[34,209],"sparse":[36],"representation":[37],"using":[38,87,93],"I0and":[39,62],"I1norms":[40],"are":[42,136,145,206],"computationally":[43],"expensive.":[44],"This":[45],"paper":[46],"presents":[47],"multiple":[49,88],"projective":[50,89],"(MPDL)":[53],"framework":[54,110,230],"does":[56],"not":[57],"require":[58],"computation":[60],"I1norms.":[63],"We":[64,225],"propose":[65],"novel":[67],"solution":[68],"discriminate":[70],"faces":[73,76,86,117,135,219],"from":[74],"regular":[75,253],"by":[77,92,150],"representations":[79],"local":[81,139],"and":[82,91,190,201,252],"global":[83],"dictionaries":[90],"compact":[94,160],"binary":[95,161],"descriptors.":[97],"Experimental":[98],"results":[99],"on":[100,187,245],"database":[104,248],"show":[105],"proposed":[108,228],"MPDL":[109,229],"is":[111,164],"able":[112],"detect":[114],"with":[118,234],"high":[120],"accuracy":[121],"97.96%.":[123],"To":[124],"verify":[125,216],"identity":[127],"person,":[130],"detected":[132,171],"divided":[137],"into":[138],"regions":[140],"interest":[142],"(ROIs)":[143],"likely":[146],"altered":[149],"particular":[152],"surgery.":[154],"The":[155,197],"cosine":[156,198],"distance":[157,199],"between":[158,193],"descriptors":[163],"computed":[165],"for":[166,231],"each":[167],"ROI":[168],"faces.":[174],"In":[175],"addition,":[176],"we":[177],"compute":[178],"human":[180],"visual":[181],"system":[182],"feature":[183,203],"similarity":[184,204],"score":[185],"based":[186],"phase":[188],"congruency":[189],"gradient":[191],"magnitude":[192],"same":[195,223],"ROIs.":[196],"scores":[200,205],"combined":[207,247],"support":[211],"vector":[212],"machine":[213],"model":[214],"if":[217],"belong":[220],"person.":[224],"integrate":[226],"our":[227],"verification":[233,243],"two":[235],"commercial":[236],"systems":[237],"demonstrate":[239],"an":[240],"improvement":[241],"performance":[244],"images.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
