{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2215279005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2015.2503267","title":"Fifteen Years of Quantum LDPC Coding and Improved Decoding Strategies","display_name":"Fifteen Years of Quantum LDPC Coding and Improved Decoding Strategies","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2215279005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2015.2503267","mag":"2215279005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2015.2503267","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2015.2503267","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7042252/07336474.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7042252/07336474.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004429018","display_name":"Zunaira Babar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7498-4474"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zunaira Babar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037415893","display_name":"Panagiotis Botsinis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6345-6131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Botsinis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053032369","display_name":"Dimitrios Alanis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-1702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios Alanis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041481409","display_name":"Soon Xin Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-7194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soon Xin Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lajos Hanzo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lajos Hanzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1365,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1472},"fwci":3.5858,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":111,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93440416,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"2492","last_page":"2519"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.8652774691581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.7508693337440491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-decoding","display_name":"Sequential decoding","score":0.6355763673782349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/list-decoding","display_name":"List decoding","score":0.6243429183959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6117222309112549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5244665145874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenated-error-correction-code","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","score":0.5241056680679321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.44325703382492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.43389925360679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serial-concatenated-convolutional-codes","display_name":"Serial concatenated convolutional codes","score":0.43282198905944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.413921058177948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.4075537621974945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36828744411468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.116405189037323}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.8652774691581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.7508693337440491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193969084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452500","display_name":"Sequential decoding","level":4,"score":0.6355763673782349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204397858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4437907","display_name":"List decoding","level":5,"score":0.6243429183959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6117222309112549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5244665145874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78944582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158264","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","level":4,"score":0.5241056680679321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.44325703382492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.43389925360679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33529081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18378194","display_name":"Serial concatenated convolutional codes","level":5,"score":0.43282198905944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.413921058177948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.4075537621974945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36828744411468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.116405189037323}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2015.2503267","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2015.2503267","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7042252/07336474.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:384636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:604c6e37e306478e939cea0b32b8e80c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/604c6e37e306478e939cea0b32b8e80c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 3, Pp 2492-2519 (2015)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2015.2503267","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2015.2503267","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7042252/07336474.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3931104416","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/L018659/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6950388368","display_name":"Cooperative Classical and Quantum Communications Systems","funder_award_id":"EP/L018659/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2215279005.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2215279005.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":111,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1586041765","https://openalex.org/W1607198972","https://openalex.org/W1631356911","https://openalex.org/W1632544105","https://openalex.org/W1658351531","https://openalex.org/W1839785972","https://openalex.org/W1841286492","https://openalex.org/W1850344377","https://openalex.org/W1891910822","https://openalex.org/W1900024896","https://openalex.org/W1956864028","https://openalex.org/W1965075382","https://openalex.org/W1967817162","https://openalex.org/W1970963042","https://openalex.org/W1971516277","https://openalex.org/W1975088395","https://openalex.org/W1975650268","https://openalex.org/W1982432882","https://openalex.org/W1999706070","https://openalex.org/W2007700031","https://openalex.org/W2008801563","https://openalex.org/W2009274632","https://openalex.org/W2009989296","https://openalex.org/W2012971560","https://openalex.org/W2013754283","https://openalex.org/W2016534060","https://openalex.org/W2020725861","https://openalex.org/W2035929826","https://openalex.org/W2042474962","https://openalex.org/W2043202079","https://openalex.org/W2047289303","https://openalex.org/W2048984244","https://openalex.org/W2055087798","https://openalex.org/W2060784542","https://openalex.org/W2061708975","https://openalex.org/W2062736271","https://openalex.org/W2065008622","https://openalex.org/W2069711632","https://openalex.org/W2074194765","https://openalex.org/W2085831178","https://openalex.org/W2088257737","https://openalex.org/W2092938635","https://openalex.org/W2096776475","https://openalex.org/W2097740052","https://openalex.org/W2098465576","https://openalex.org/W2103532256","https://openalex.org/W2105772827","https://openalex.org/W2107639356","https://openalex.org/W2114207424","https://openalex.org/W2114869758","https://openalex.org/W2115658752","https://openalex.org/W2117184753","https://openalex.org/W2119292153","https://openalex.org/W2119314900","https://openalex.org/W2119990840","https://openalex.org/W2122727488","https://openalex.org/W2124800360","https://openalex.org/W2124803813","https://openalex.org/W2126259959","https://openalex.org/W2127490352","https://openalex.org/W2127562763","https://openalex.org/W2128765501","https://openalex.org/W2130255084","https://openalex.org/W2131690084","https://openalex.org/W2133820518","https://openalex.org/W2135094946","https://openalex.org/W2135273380","https://openalex.org/W2135764410","https://openalex.org/W2136587621","https://openalex.org/W2137987775","https://openalex.org/W2145099691","https://openalex.org/W2149323415","https://openalex.org/W2156987111","https://openalex.org/W2161811671","https://openalex.org/W2162963911","https://openalex.org/W2165026273","https://openalex.org/W2167413626","https://openalex.org/W2169307919","https://openalex.org/W2169732368","https://openalex.org/W2226924098","https://openalex.org/W2336770924","https://openalex.org/W2591313944","https://openalex.org/W2616493737","https://openalex.org/W2764347725","https://openalex.org/W2963734035","https://openalex.org/W2987687226","https://openalex.org/W3022352698","https://openalex.org/W3033331243","https://openalex.org/W3100206575","https://openalex.org/W3100642416","https://openalex.org/W3101880787","https://openalex.org/W3101905439","https://openalex.org/W3102818703","https://openalex.org/W3103386480","https://openalex.org/W3104890871","https://openalex.org/W3105260535","https://openalex.org/W3105943350","https://openalex.org/W3106097399","https://openalex.org/W3140968660","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298360881","https://openalex.org/W4301287831","https://openalex.org/W4394672652","https://openalex.org/W6636778726","https://openalex.org/W6637073971","https://openalex.org/W6638801799","https://openalex.org/W6638938434","https://openalex.org/W6654347880","https://openalex.org/W6677317179","https://openalex.org/W6689278888","https://openalex.org/W6785721050"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126543779","https://openalex.org/W2169710030","https://openalex.org/W2134727924","https://openalex.org/W2061476814","https://openalex.org/W2942886874","https://openalex.org/W2121777163","https://openalex.org/W2127999627","https://openalex.org/W99853930","https://openalex.org/W1504657239","https://openalex.org/W2010879611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"near-capacity":[1],"performance":[2],"of":[3,35,41,49,69,88,117],"classical":[4],"low-density":[5],"parity":[6],"check":[7],"(LDPC)":[8],"codes":[9,19,37],"and":[10],"their":[11,50,89],"efficient":[12],"iterative":[13],"decoding":[14,51,59,98],"makes":[15],"quantum":[16,24],"LDPC":[17],"(QLPDC)":[18],"a":[20,32,56,96],"promising":[21],"candidate":[22],"for":[23,61,114],"error":[25,91],"correction.":[26],"In":[27],"this":[28],"paper,":[29],"we":[30,101],"present":[31],"comprehensive":[33],"survey":[34],"QLDPC":[36,64],"from":[38],"the":[39,71,75,83,108,115],"perspective":[40],"code":[42],"design":[43],"as":[44,46],"well":[45],"in":[47,86],"terms":[48,87],"algorithms.":[52],"We":[53],"also":[54],"conceive":[55],"modified":[57,80,105],"non-binary":[58],"algorithm":[60],"homogeneous":[62],"Calderbank-Shor-Steane-type":[63],"codes,":[65],"which":[66],"is":[67],"capable":[68],"alleviating":[70],"problems":[72],"imposed":[73],"by":[74],"unavoidable":[76],"length-four":[77],"cycles.":[78],"Our":[79],"decoder":[81,106],"outperforms":[82],"state-of-the-art":[84],"decoders":[85],"word":[90],"rate":[92],"performance,":[93],"despite":[94],"imposing":[95],"reduced":[97],"complexity.":[99],"Finally,":[100],"intricately":[102],"amalgamate":[103],"our":[104],"with":[107],"classic":[109],"uniformly":[110],"reweighted":[111],"belief":[112],"propagation":[113],"sake":[116],"achieving":[118],"an":[119],"improved":[120],"performance.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}