{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2114774476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2015.2419195","title":"Code Optimization for a Code-Modulated RF Front End","display_name":"Code Optimization for a Code-Modulated RF Front End","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2114774476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2015.2419195","mag":"2114774476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2015.2419195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2015.2419195","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7042252/07078894.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7042252/07078894.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034820109","display_name":"Elias A. Alwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6011-0207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ELIAS A. Alwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018830489","display_name":"Satheesh Bojja Venkatakrishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0364-5747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satheesh Bojja Venkatakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075585190","display_name":"Abe Akhiyat","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abe A. Akhiyat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043739572","display_name":"Waleed Khalil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1613-675X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waleed Khalil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037180603","display_name":"John L. Volakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0115-2079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John L. Volakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.1379,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88607954,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"260","last_page":"273"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hadamard-transform","display_name":"Hadamard transform","score":0.7437933087348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7251497507095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.5780521035194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.5498504638671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5393801331520081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hadamard-code","display_name":"Hadamard code","score":0.5233884453773499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.47914808988571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-code","display_name":"Gold code","score":0.4711564779281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/front-and-back-ends","display_name":"Front and back ends","score":0.47051185369491577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4346860349178314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.4320332109928131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.41895735263824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.37272191047668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33425748348236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Code division multiple access","score":0.26141157746315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23464104533195496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.23096007108688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15206053853034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13976424932479858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spread-spectrum","display_name":"Spread spectrum","score":0.12108960747718811}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60292330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1014065","display_name":"Hadamard transform","level":2,"score":0.7437933087348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7251497507095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.5780521035194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.5498504638671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5393801331520081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26693338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567339","display_name":"Hadamard code","level":3,"score":0.5233884453773499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.47914808988571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3716999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2635984","display_name":"Gold code","level":4,"score":0.4711564779281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53016008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620167","display_name":"Front and back ends","level":2,"score":0.47051185369491577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4346860349178314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.4320332109928131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.41895735263824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.37272191047668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33425748348236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47696715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233394","display_name":"Code division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.26141157746315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23464104533195496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.23096007108688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15206053853034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13976424932479858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.12108960747718811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2015.2419195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2015.2419195","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7042252/07078894.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:39ef6739d9f54dfe9d68907f4ea75e31","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/39ef6739d9f54dfe9d68907f4ea75e31","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 3, Pp 260-273 (2015)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2015.2419195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2015.2419195","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/7042252/07078894.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8368193277","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-13-1-0495","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2114774476.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2114774476.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W1494474111","https://openalex.org/W1906200282","https://openalex.org/W1967949945","https://openalex.org/W2000598403","https://openalex.org/W2044836508","https://openalex.org/W2048031929","https://openalex.org/W2048946621","https://openalex.org/W2061531145","https://openalex.org/W2064959416","https://openalex.org/W2071798414","https://openalex.org/W2095975429","https://openalex.org/W2099701432","https://openalex.org/W2105277726","https://openalex.org/W2111279618","https://openalex.org/W2112081770","https://openalex.org/W2115597009","https://openalex.org/W2123350246","https://openalex.org/W2129690209","https://openalex.org/W2154526552","https://openalex.org/W2166030874","https://openalex.org/W2296759581","https://openalex.org/W2339410153","https://openalex.org/W2533876163","https://openalex.org/W4232591629","https://openalex.org/W4239066252","https://openalex.org/W4253193960","https://openalex.org/W4299994503"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136824285","https://openalex.org/W2108162790","https://openalex.org/W2962913460","https://openalex.org/W2151734654","https://openalex.org/W1597034200","https://openalex.org/W4309156441","https://openalex.org/W2513780272","https://openalex.org/W2748053075","https://openalex.org/W2046585484","https://openalex.org/W1802033796"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"a":[1,29,44,49,51,56,115],"novel":[2],"class":[3],"of":[4,81],"on-site":[5],"coding":[6],"receivers":[7],"was":[8],"proposed.":[9],"The":[10],"architecture":[11],"is":[12,28],"suitable":[13],"for":[14],"digital":[15,67],"beamforming":[16,68],"in":[17,104],"addition":[18],"to":[19,25],"offering":[20],"multiple-input":[21],"multiple-output":[22],"capabilities.":[23],"Essential":[24],"its":[26],"realization":[27],"code":[30],"division":[31],"multiplexing":[32],"technique":[33],"aggregating":[34],"multiple":[35],"signal":[36],"paths":[37],"at":[38],"the":[39,65,75],"analog":[40],"front":[41],"end":[42],"into":[43],"single":[45],"analog-to-digital":[46],"converter.":[47],"As":[48],"result,":[50],"significant":[52],"hardware":[53],"reduction":[54],"and":[55,86,90],"higher":[57,106],"power":[58],"efficiency":[59],"are":[60],"achieved":[61],"when":[62],"compared":[63],"with":[64,78,109],"conventional":[66],"techniques.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71],"paper,":[72],"we":[73],"examine":[74],"system's":[76],"performance":[77],"different":[79],"types":[80],"spreading":[82],"codes,":[83],"both":[84],"orthogonal":[85],"nonorthogonal,":[87],"namely":[88],"Walsh-Hadamard":[89,99],"Gold":[91,102],"codes.":[92],"Bit":[93],"error":[94],"rate":[95],"calculations":[96],"show":[97],"that":[98],"codes":[100,103],"outperform":[101],"achieving":[105],"dynamic":[107],"range":[108],"less":[110],"signal-to-noise":[111],"ratio":[112],"degradation,":[113],"assuming":[114],"perfectly":[116],"synchronous":[117],"system.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}