{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2072273451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2014.2381273","title":"Biometric Antispoofing Methods: A Survey in Face Recognition","display_name":"Biometric Antispoofing Methods: A Survey in Face Recognition","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2072273451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2014.2381273","mag":"2072273451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2014.2381273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2014.2381273","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6705689/06990726.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6705689/06990726.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038880089","display_name":"Javier Galbally","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2009-0256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118689","display_name":"Joint Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02qezmz13","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320481043","https://openalex.org/I2800387288","https://openalex.org/I4210118689","https://openalex.org/I4210161702"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Galbally","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen, Ispra, Italy","[Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen, Ispra, Italy]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen, Ispra, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118689"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen, Ispra, Italy]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118689"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016330764","display_name":"S\u00e9bastien Marcel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2497-9140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7495430","display_name":"Idiap Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05932h694","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastien Marcel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre du Parc, IDIAP Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland","[Centre du Parc, IDIAP Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre du Parc, IDIAP Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Centre du Parc, IDIAP Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068081385","display_name":"Juli\u00e1n Fi\u00e9rrez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6343-5656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Fierrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometric Recognition Group, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","[Biometric Recognition Group, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometric Recognition Group, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Biometric Recognition Group, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":19.6961,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":432,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99598469,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"1530","last_page":"1552"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.8337973356246948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.769620418548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.7307267189025879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.603904664516449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5564045310020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.48428434133529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4826717674732208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.4809086322784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.47056031227111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.43306946754455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","score":0.41275596618652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2721484899520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.1507723033428192}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8337973356246948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.769620418548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.7307267189025879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.603904664516449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5564045310020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.48428434133529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4826717674732208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4809086322784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.47056031227111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.43306946754455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.41275596618652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2721484899520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.1507723033428192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2014.2381273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2014.2381273","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6705689/06990726.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.uam.es:10486/666327","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10486/666327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400964","display_name":"Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","host_organization_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:74bd2ab10fb44d7f8ced17675598bcc3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/74bd2ab10fb44d7f8ced17675598bcc3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 2, Pp 1530-1552 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu:JRC93461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6990726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401126","display_name":"Joint Research Centre (European Commission)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800387288","host_organization_name":"European Commission","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800387288"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles in periodicals and books"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2014.2381273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2014.2381273","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6705689/06990726.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2203972493","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7 ICT","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3280411601","display_name":"Biometrics Evaluation and Testing","funder_award_id":"284989","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5306128564","display_name":"Trusted Biometrics under Spoofing Attacks","funder_award_id":"257289","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6297531500","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TEC2012-34881","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338370","display_name":"FP7 Information and Communication Technologies","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2072273451.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2072273451.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":171,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19708887","https://openalex.org/W54234143","https://openalex.org/W59481064","https://openalex.org/W61962043","https://openalex.org/W64742913","https://openalex.org/W91261906","https://openalex.org/W93413220","https://openalex.org/W109538337","https://openalex.org/W116752470","https://openalex.org/W118835214","https://openalex.org/W138720243","https://openalex.org/W198823512","https://openalex.org/W204886590","https://openalex.org/W604851731","https://openalex.org/W636971608","https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1488777932","https://openalex.org/W1497468535","https://openalex.org/W1524377853","https://openalex.org/W1529542060","https://openalex.org/W1584545576","https://openalex.org/W1585854606","https://openalex.org/W1586351097","https://openalex.org/W1591931903","https://openalex.org/W1770095230","https://openalex.org/W1851680918","https://openalex.org/W1889383825","https://openalex.org/W1907066207","https://openalex.org/W1953764734","https://openalex.org/W1964960762","https://openalex.org/W1969793586","https://openalex.org/W1970462628","https://openalex.org/W1971062533","https://openalex.org/W1971242595","https://openalex.org/W1974556176","https://openalex.org/W1976700763","https://openalex.org/W1979339361","https://openalex.org/W1979346812","https://openalex.org/W1982209341","https://openalex.org/W1982474773","https://openalex.org/W1983008792","https://openalex.org/W1983197836","https://openalex.org/W1986702455","https://openalex.org/W1994030682","https://openalex.org/W1996664229","https://openalex.org/W1997343507","https://openalex.org/W1998567523","https://openalex.org/W2000178901","https://openalex.org/W2001770761","https://openalex.org/W2004162080","https://openalex.org/W2004211009","https://openalex.org/W2004935805","https://openalex.org/W2005308782","https://openalex.org/W2005360016","https://openalex.org/W2005909620","https://openalex.org/W2010616303","https://openalex.org/W2010865277","https://openalex.org/W2011016023","https://openalex.org/W2012612618","https://openalex.org/W2015867063","https://openalex.org/W2022598110","https://openalex.org/W2023157261","https://openalex.org/W2027650395","https://openalex.org/W2039552902","https://openalex.org/W2040650733","https://openalex.org/W2042883034","https://openalex.org/W2043375465","https://openalex.org/W2045383198","https://openalex.org/W2050132334","https://openalex.org/W2051387832","https://openalex.org/W2058983224","https://openalex.org/W2061489198","https://openalex.org/W2063223471","https://openalex.org/W2063355793","https://openalex.org/W2063661788","https://openalex.org/W2079279637","https://openalex.org/W2079307674","https://openalex.org/W2093278290","https://openalex.org/W2095252718","https://openalex.org/W2101042729","https://openalex.org/W2102933609","https://openalex.org/W2103869071","https://openalex.org/W2104565665","https://openalex.org/W2106352297","https://openalex.org/W2106852298","https://openalex.org/W2106938474","https://openalex.org/W2107227001","https://openalex.org/W2107845065","https://openalex.org/W2110313460","https://openalex.org/W2110842278","https://openalex.org/W2111873430","https://openalex.org/W2116521647","https://openalex.org/W2118671571","https://openalex.org/W2118944716","https://openalex.org/W2121956088","https://openalex.org/W2122519597","https://openalex.org/W2122759487","https://openalex.org/W2123625324","https://openalex.org/W2123921160","https://openalex.org/W2125320497","https://openalex.org/W2127274336","https://openalex.org/W2128242454","https://openalex.org/W2129622867","https://openalex.org/W2130817593","https://openalex.org/W2130909682","https://openalex.org/W2131338307","https://openalex.org/W2132999255","https://openalex.org/W2133826361","https://openalex.org/W2135146871","https://openalex.org/W2136666231","https://openalex.org/W2140593870","https://openalex.org/W2143140643","https://openalex.org/W2145131129","https://openalex.org/W2145426126","https://openalex.org/W2150446981","https://openalex.org/W2150817856","https://openalex.org/W2151270693","https://openalex.org/W2151343288","https://openalex.org/W2152472358","https://openalex.org/W2153056465","https://openalex.org/W2153344422","https://openalex.org/W2154691736","https://openalex.org/W2155930830","https://openalex.org/W2156995441","https://openalex.org/W2157298821","https://openalex.org/W2159270577","https://openalex.org/W2159929633","https://openalex.org/W2160757564","https://openalex.org/W2161308290","https://openalex.org/W2161612784","https://openalex.org/W2163487272","https://openalex.org/W2163914249","https://openalex.org/W2165043427","https://openalex.org/W2166266402","https://openalex.org/W2167612734","https://openalex.org/W2168265087","https://openalex.org/W2186694997","https://openalex.org/W2283343907","https://openalex.org/W2537665647","https://openalex.org/W2995675184","https://openalex.org/W3094438865","https://openalex.org/W3142610993","https://openalex.org/W3145505541","https://openalex.org/W4230579564","https://openalex.org/W4233313351","https://openalex.org/W4255016102","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600793564","https://openalex.org/W6602223458","https://openalex.org/W6605538304","https://openalex.org/W6608080725","https://openalex.org/W6617411900","https://openalex.org/W6620774151","https://openalex.org/W6629152336","https://openalex.org/W6629692083","https://openalex.org/W6631465015","https://openalex.org/W6631787740","https://openalex.org/W6635478398","https://openalex.org/W6639462251","https://openalex.org/W6644580539","https://openalex.org/W6651442849","https://openalex.org/W6651873182","https://openalex.org/W6675774513","https://openalex.org/W6676756012","https://openalex.org/W6678326819","https://openalex.org/W6682663012","https://openalex.org/W6682777295","https://openalex.org/W6684157366","https://openalex.org/W6684314024","https://openalex.org/W6684818301","https://openalex.org/W6771492878"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188559950","https://openalex.org/W2811048914","https://openalex.org/W2281508611","https://openalex.org/W2020816142","https://openalex.org/W1982479144","https://openalex.org/W1995633573","https://openalex.org/W2767198796","https://openalex.org/W4233349824","https://openalex.org/W4200422973","https://openalex.org/W3012240659"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"decades,":[2],"we":[3],"have":[4],"witnessed":[5],"the":[6,12,22,78,97,121,146,151,168,193,201,205,214,239],"evolution":[7,62],"of":[8,25,31,60,80,139,145,171,183,208,241,246],"biometric":[9,107,126,148,155],"technology":[10,84],"from":[11,39],"first":[13],"pioneering":[14],"works":[15],"in":[16,89,101,204],"face":[17,219],"and":[18,162,173,216,228,231],"voice":[19],"recognition":[20],"to":[21,49,66,74,85,91,95,120,123,150,187,213],"current":[23,102],"state":[24],"development":[26],"wherein":[27],"a":[28,67,105,125,134,141,189],"wide":[29],"spectrum":[30],"highly":[32],"accurate":[33],"systems":[34],"may":[35],"be":[36,75],"found,":[37],"ranging":[38],"largely":[40,217],"deployed":[41,218],"modalities,":[42],"such":[43,53],"as":[44,54,133],"fingerprint,":[45],"face,":[46],"or":[47,56],"iris,":[48],"more":[50],"marginal":[51],"ones,":[52],"signature":[55],"hand.":[57],"This":[58],"path":[59],"technological":[61],"has":[63,71,164,196],"naturally":[64],"led":[65],"critical":[68],"issue":[69],"that":[70,109,195],"only":[72],"started":[73],"addressed":[76],"recently:":[77],"resistance":[79],"this":[81,179,184,242],"rapidly":[82],"emerging":[83,206],"external":[86],"attacks":[87],"and,":[88],"particular,":[90],"spoofing.":[92],"Spoofing,":[93],"referred":[94],"by":[96,137],"term":[98],"presentation":[99],"attack":[100],"standards,":[103],"is":[104,110,186],"purely":[106],"vulnerability":[108],"not":[111],"shared":[112],"with":[113,210],"other":[114],"IT":[115],"security":[116],"solutions.":[117],"It":[118],"refers":[119],"ability":[122],"fool":[124],"system":[127],"into":[128,167,238],"recognizing":[129],"an":[130,236],"illegitimate":[131],"user":[132],"genuine":[135],"one":[136],"means":[138],"presenting":[140],"synthetic":[142],"forged":[143],"version":[144],"original":[147],"trait":[149],"sensor.":[152],"The":[153,181,221],"entire":[154],"community,":[156],"including":[157],"researchers,":[158],"developers,":[159],"standardizing":[160],"bodies,":[161],"vendors,":[163],"thrown":[165],"itself":[166],"challenging":[169],"task":[170],"proposing":[172],"developing":[174],"efficient":[175],"protection":[176],"methods":[177],"against":[178],"threat.":[180],"goal":[182],"paper":[185],"provide":[188],"comprehensive":[190],"overview":[191],"on":[192],"work":[194,222],"been":[197],"carried":[198],"out":[199],"over":[200],"last":[202],"decade":[203],"field":[207,245],"antispoofing,":[209],"special":[211],"attention":[212],"mature":[215],"modality.":[220],"covers":[223],"theories,":[224],"methodologies,":[225],"state-of-the-art":[226],"techniques,":[227],"evaluation":[229],"databases":[230],"also":[232],"aims":[233],"at":[234],"providing":[235],"outlook":[237],"future":[240],"very":[243],"active":[244],"research.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}