{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2151841771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2014.2364234","title":"Backpacking: Energy-Efficient Deployment of Heterogeneous Radios in Multi-Radio High-Data-Rate Wireless Sensor Networks","display_name":"Backpacking: Energy-Efficient Deployment of Heterogeneous Radios in Multi-Radio High-Data-Rate Wireless Sensor Networks","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2151841771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2014.2364234","mag":"2151841771"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2014.2364234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2014.2364234","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6705689/06933867.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6705689/06933867.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029221184","display_name":"A. B. M. Alim Al Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8159-6114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. B. M. Alim Al Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035514887","display_name":"Mohammad Sajjad Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-4925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Sajjad Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102009759","display_name":"Vijay Raghunathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4713-5386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijay Raghunathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089920438","display_name":"Yu Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6045-5045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Charlie Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.1343,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92701935,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"1281","last_page":"1306"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7538803815841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.7213720679283142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6851001381874084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution-in-wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","score":0.5313578248023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.5117101669311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.45812687277793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4324710965156555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-node","display_name":"Sensor node","score":0.4305775463581085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Mobile wireless sensor network","score":0.42816194891929626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.42784419655799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4170335829257965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3719830811023712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21167099475860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14449352025985718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12985342741012573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7538803815841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.7213720679283142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6851001381874084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.5313578248023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.5117101669311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45812687277793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4324710965156555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111185680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3866206","display_name":"Sensor node","level":5,"score":0.4305775463581085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7091991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17149548","display_name":"Mobile wireless sensor network","level":5,"score":0.42816194891929626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.42784419655799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4170335829257965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3719830811023712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21167099475860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14449352025985718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12985342741012573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2014.2364234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2014.2364234","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6705689/06933867.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5ddf1fd66d034f159105848edd79df43","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5ddf1fd66d034f159105848edd79df43","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 2, Pp 1281-1306 (2014)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2014.2364234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2014.2364234","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6705689/06933867.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2151841771.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":112,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10389775","https://openalex.org/W16912071","https://openalex.org/W121315623","https://openalex.org/W317521241","https://openalex.org/W1034884551","https://openalex.org/W1581605362","https://openalex.org/W1589947808","https://openalex.org/W1593589844","https://openalex.org/W1964516466","https://openalex.org/W1964806206","https://openalex.org/W1969422238","https://openalex.org/W1971086841","https://openalex.org/W1973454023","https://openalex.org/W1974473952","https://openalex.org/W1976889764","https://openalex.org/W1980164709","https://openalex.org/W1981053671","https://openalex.org/W1986718632","https://openalex.org/W1988792675","https://openalex.org/W1990382020","https://openalex.org/W1995612435","https://openalex.org/W2000234133","https://openalex.org/W2003801825","https://openalex.org/W2007558691","https://openalex.org/W2012462772","https://openalex.org/W2019559153","https://openalex.org/W2019593160","https://openalex.org/W2019692778","https://openalex.org/W2027321591","https://openalex.org/W2039027812","https://openalex.org/W2055922713","https://openalex.org/W2056893511","https://openalex.org/W2063939750","https://openalex.org/W2066130438","https://openalex.org/W2078161119","https://openalex.org/W2082543178","https://openalex.org/W2088087163","https://openalex.org/W2090089340","https://openalex.org/W2093007779","https://openalex.org/W2095971510","https://openalex.org/W2096013635","https://openalex.org/W2098309986","https://openalex.org/W2099456038","https://openalex.org/W2100617218","https://openalex.org/W2101777154","https://openalex.org/W2102994841","https://openalex.org/W2107221397","https://openalex.org/W2109258505","https://openalex.org/W2109924380","https://openalex.org/W2112770804","https://openalex.org/W2114123573","https://openalex.org/W2119548540","https://openalex.org/W2120001750","https://openalex.org/W2121214005","https://openalex.org/W2123446478","https://openalex.org/W2125452051","https://openalex.org/W2127292141","https://openalex.org/W2127949150","https://openalex.org/W2130172960","https://openalex.org/W2130979451","https://openalex.org/W2133304743","https://openalex.org/W2134534203","https://openalex.org/W2135053460","https://openalex.org/W2136651015","https://openalex.org/W2137775453","https://openalex.org/W2138157561","https://openalex.org/W2139136790","https://openalex.org/W2140447636","https://openalex.org/W2142078486","https://openalex.org/W2142503437","https://openalex.org/W2146256314","https://openalex.org/W2146566365","https://openalex.org/W2147009989","https://openalex.org/W2150605886","https://openalex.org/W2151188123","https://openalex.org/W2159013099","https://openalex.org/W2159393700","https://openalex.org/W2162047642","https://openalex.org/W2162226564","https://openalex.org/W2163624108","https://openalex.org/W2186631804","https://openalex.org/W2222783040","https://openalex.org/W2288548824","https://openalex.org/W2316166351","https://openalex.org/W2399380664","https://openalex.org/W2399427419","https://openalex.org/W2519352724","https://openalex.org/W2536407532","https://openalex.org/W2767441147","https://openalex.org/W2949084972","https://openalex.org/W3004588225","https://openalex.org/W4229745555","https://openalex.org/W4236944153","https://openalex.org/W4245685877","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4299589157","https://openalex.org/W6600179182","https://openalex.org/W6600432639","https://openalex.org/W6600691654","https://openalex.org/W6633443997","https://openalex.org/W6633622076","https://openalex.org/W6634954682","https://openalex.org/W6635299523","https://openalex.org/W6674988683","https://openalex.org/W6678368809","https://openalex.org/W6679398479","https://openalex.org/W6679408615","https://openalex.org/W6684312856","https://openalex.org/W6686952572","https://openalex.org/W6696499673","https://openalex.org/W6712676104","https://openalex.org/W6713160264"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148549110","https://openalex.org/W1657620843","https://openalex.org/W1977342959","https://openalex.org/W2999657022","https://openalex.org/W2053773563","https://openalex.org/W1996270948","https://openalex.org/W2394468541","https://openalex.org/W3148968234","https://openalex.org/W4240510232","https://openalex.org/W2377353089"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"early":[1],"success":[2],"of":[3,13,34,88,108,147,155,190],"wireless":[4,60,163],"sensor":[5,16,44,61,117,164],"networks":[6],"has":[7],"led":[8],"to":[9,56,92,114,129],"a":[10,75,99,116,125,136,162,204],"new":[11],"generation":[12],"increasingly":[14],"sophisticated":[15],"network":[17,27,62,101,118,165,205],"applications,":[18],"such":[19,71],"as":[20,72],"HP's":[21],"CeNSE.":[22],"These":[23],"applications":[24],"demand":[25],"high":[26,64,66],"throughput":[28],"that":[29,78,103,168],"easily":[30],"exceeds":[31],"the":[32,35,79,140,148,156,172,180,191],"capability":[33],"low-power":[36],"802.15.4":[37,121],"radios":[38],"most":[39],"commonly":[40],"used":[41],"in":[42],"today's":[43],"nodes.":[45],"To":[46],"address":[47],"this":[48,50,131],"issue,":[49],"paper":[51],"investigates":[52],"an":[53,58,105],"energy-efficient":[54],"approach":[55],"supplementing":[57],"802.15.4-based":[59],"with":[63,203],"bandwidth,":[65],"power,":[67],"longer":[68],"range":[69],"radios,":[70],"802.11.":[73],"Exploiting":[74],"key":[76],"observation":[77],"high-bandwidth":[80,149],"radio":[81,150],"achieves":[82],"low":[83,141,152],"energy":[84,142,174],"consumption":[85,143],"per":[86,144,175],"bit":[87,146],"transmitted":[89,145],"data":[90],"due":[91],"its":[93,184],"inherent":[94],"transmission":[95],"efficiency,":[96],"we":[97],"propose":[98],"hybrid":[100],"architecture":[102,170],"utilizes":[104],"optimal":[106,132],"density":[107],"dual-radio":[109],"(802.15.4":[110],"and":[111,151,196],"802.11)":[112],"nodes":[113,192],"augment":[115],"having":[119,206],"only":[120,207],"radios.":[122],"We":[123],"present":[124],"cross-layer":[126],"mathematical":[127],"model":[128],"calculate":[130],"density,":[133],"which":[134],"strikes":[135],"delicate":[137],"balance":[138],"between":[139],"sleep":[153],"power":[154],"802.15.4.":[157,208],"Experimental":[158],"results":[159],"obtained":[160],"using":[161],"testbed":[166],"reveal":[167],"our":[169],"improves":[171],"average":[173],"bit,":[176],"time":[177,186],"elapsed":[178,187],"before":[179,188],"first":[181],"node":[182],"drains":[183],"battery,":[185],"half":[189],"drain":[193],"their":[194],"batteries,":[195],"end-to-end":[197],"delay":[198],"by":[199],"significant":[200],"margins":[201],"compared":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}