{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087027277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2014.2323299","title":"Measurement of Globally Visible DNS Injection","display_name":"Measurement of Globally Visible DNS Injection","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087027277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2014.2323299","mag":"2087027277"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2014.2323299","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2014.2323299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2014.2323299","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006539065","display_name":"Matth\u00e4us Wander","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9513-2097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthaus Wander","raw_affiliation_strings":["Distributed Systems Group, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Distributed Systems Group, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082811656","display_name":"Christopher Boelmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Boelmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Distributed Systems Group, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Distributed Systems Group, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080297442","display_name":"Lorenz Schwittmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenz Schwittmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Distributed Systems Group, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Distributed Systems Group, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016729057","display_name":"Torben Weis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6594-326X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Torben Weis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Distributed Systems Group, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Distributed Systems Group, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1283,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1383},"fwci":3.7276,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93795263,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"526","last_page":"536"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-name-system","display_name":"Domain Name System","score":0.830701470375061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6748281717300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6442965865135193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-name","display_name":"Domain name","score":0.602915346622467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blocking","display_name":"Blocking (statistics)","score":0.5131602883338928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anycast","display_name":"Anycast","score":0.4993710517883301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.488071084022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.46963998675346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/name-server","display_name":"Name server","score":0.45563119649887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4466710090637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.43425580859184265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.25494384765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.15399307012557983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35026560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8767","display_name":"Domain Name System","level":3,"score":0.830701470375061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6748281717300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6442965865135193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988987868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32635","display_name":"Domain name","level":3,"score":0.602915346622467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144745244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Blocking (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5131602883338928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122005561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q613897","display_name":"Anycast","level":3,"score":0.4993710517883301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.488071084022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.46963998675346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105320234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41494","display_name":"Name server","level":3,"score":0.45563119649887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4466710090637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.43425580859184265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.25494384765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.15399307012557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2014.2323299","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2014.2323299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:duepublico2.uni-due.de:duepublico_mods_00041300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:464-20160519-085426-7","pdf_url":"https://duepublico2.uni-due.de/receive/duepublico_mods_00041300","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400212","display_name":"DuEPublico (University of Duisburg-Essen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","host_organization_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a23bf3b5d102409c864d44b8d18194e2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a23bf3b5d102409c864d44b8d18194e2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 2, Pp 526-536 (2014)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2014.2323299","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2014.2323299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505685975","https://openalex.org/W1638186213","https://openalex.org/W1899760619","https://openalex.org/W1996497509","https://openalex.org/W2000497232","https://openalex.org/W2153156723","https://openalex.org/W2186594794","https://openalex.org/W2201189541","https://openalex.org/W3124480923","https://openalex.org/W4233663380","https://openalex.org/W4243774931","https://openalex.org/W6630129146","https://openalex.org/W6682619859","https://openalex.org/W6686565904"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1569990158","https://openalex.org/W2517582040","https://openalex.org/W2065991182","https://openalex.org/W2138764241","https://openalex.org/W3097280613","https://openalex.org/W2012920909","https://openalex.org/W2371599845","https://openalex.org/W2770041920","https://openalex.org/W2219498667","https://openalex.org/W2367254319"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Domain":[0],"Name":[1],"System":[2],"(DNS)":[3],"injection":[4,40,74,93,179],"is":[5,47,75,94,188,203],"a":[6,50],"censorship":[7],"method":[8,17],"for":[9,58,120,198],"blocking":[10,37,134],"access":[11],"to":[12,77,107,156],"blacklisted":[13],"domain":[14,195],"names.":[15],"The":[16],"uses":[18],"deep":[19],"packet":[20],"inspection":[21],"on":[22],"all":[23],"DNS":[24,39,62,73,92,105,115,178],"queries":[25,106],"passing":[26],"through":[27,49],"the":[28,70,113,148,190],"network":[29],"and":[30,99,141],"injects":[31],"spoofed":[32],"responses.":[33],"Compared":[34],"with":[35,125],"other":[36],"mechanisms,":[38],"impacts":[41],"uninvolved":[42],"third-parties":[43],"if":[44],"their":[45],"traffic":[46],"routed":[48],"censored":[51,71],"network.":[52],"In":[53,110],"this":[54],"paper,":[55],"we":[56,169],"look":[57],"large":[59],"deployments":[60],"of":[61,69,128,167,185,192],"injection,":[63],"measured":[64],"from":[65,139],"vantage":[66],"points":[67],"outside":[68,166,184],"networks.":[72,88,109],"known":[76],"be":[78,101,144],"used":[79,96],"in":[80,97,131,205],"China":[81,140],"since":[82],"it":[83],"leaked":[84],"unintentionally":[85],"into":[86],"foreign":[87],"We":[89,152],"find":[90],"that":[91,171],"also":[95],"Iran":[98,132,142],"can":[100,143],"observed":[102],"by":[103,147,176],"sending":[104],"Iranian":[108,114],"mid":[111],"2013,":[112],"filter":[116],"was":[117],"temporarily":[118],"suspended":[119],"some":[121],"names,":[122],"which":[123,199],"correlated":[124],"media":[126],"coverage":[127],"political":[129],"debates":[130],"about":[133],"social":[135],"media.":[136],"Spoofed":[137],"responses":[138],"detected":[145],"passively":[146],"IP":[149],"address":[150],"returned.":[151],"propose":[153],"an":[154,200],"algorithm":[155],"obtain":[157],"these":[158],"addresses":[159],"remotely.":[160],"After":[161],"testing":[162],"255002":[163],"open":[164],"resolvers":[165],"China,":[168],"determined":[170],"6%":[172],"are":[173],"potentially":[174],"affected":[175],"Chinese":[177],"when":[180],"querying":[181],"top-level":[182,194],"domains":[183],"China.":[186,206],"This":[187],"essentially":[189],"result":[191],"one":[193],"name":[196],"server":[197],"anycast":[201],"instance":[202],"hosted":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}