{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122727488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2013.2259536","title":"Quantum Search Algorithms, Quantum Wireless, and a Low-Complexity Maximum Likelihood Iterative Quantum Multi-User Detector Design","display_name":"Quantum Search Algorithms, Quantum Wireless, and a Low-Complexity Maximum Likelihood Iterative Quantum Multi-User Detector Design","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122727488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2013.2259536","mag":"2122727488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2013.2259536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2013.2259536","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6336544/06515077.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6336544/06515077.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037415893","display_name":"Panagiotis Botsinis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6345-6131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Botsinis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK","Sch. of Electron. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Southampton, Southampton, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electron. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Southampton, Southampton, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041481409","display_name":"Soon Xin Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-7194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soon Xin Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK","Sch. of Electron. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Southampton, Southampton, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electron. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Southampton, Southampton, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lajos Hanzo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lajos Hanzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK","Sch. of Electron. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Southampton, Southampton, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electron. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Southampton, Southampton, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":13.4189,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9851729,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"94","last_page":"122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.7322655320167542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6573992371559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.6000059247016907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5308072566986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.49743321537971497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exit-chart","display_name":"EXIT chart","score":0.4523022770881653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.44485610723495483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.43946096301078796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiuser-detection","display_name":"Multiuser detection","score":0.42766886949539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.4179309010505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2463330626487732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12198734283447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10247167944908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenated-error-correction-code","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","score":0.08149412274360657}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.7322655320167542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6573992371559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.6000059247016907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5308072566986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.49743321537971497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171401667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5324684","display_name":"EXIT chart","level":5,"score":0.4523022770881653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.44485610723495483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43946096301078796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777104032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16324514","display_name":"Multiuser detection","level":3,"score":0.42766886949539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.4179309010505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2463330626487732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12198734283447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10247167944908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78944582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158264","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","level":4,"score":0.08149412274360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2013.2259536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2013.2259536","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6336544/06515077.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:352164","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:078378d3b2414e5ab80ce64595c7cd90","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/078378d3b2414e5ab80ce64595c7cd90","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 1, Pp 94-122 (2013)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2013.2259536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2013.2259536","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6336544/06515077.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4982716793","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J016640/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2122727488.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2122727488.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":120,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29990734","https://openalex.org/W41184255","https://openalex.org/W586706918","https://openalex.org/W624088022","https://openalex.org/W645460950","https://openalex.org/W1562376702","https://openalex.org/W1580879344","https://openalex.org/W1596300475","https://openalex.org/W1631356911","https://openalex.org/W1636192105","https://openalex.org/W1645032862","https://openalex.org/W1777329550","https://openalex.org/W1798931531","https://openalex.org/W1825489654","https://openalex.org/W1962752774","https://openalex.org/W1965075382","https://openalex.org/W1975637403","https://openalex.org/W1981525690","https://openalex.org/W1986407511","https://openalex.org/W1994875249","https://openalex.org/W1999706070","https://openalex.org/W2002372750","https://openalex.org/W2006290558","https://openalex.org/W2014325677","https://openalex.org/W2020918964","https://openalex.org/W2025956887","https://openalex.org/W2026402424","https://openalex.org/W2032792448","https://openalex.org/W2039212077","https://openalex.org/W2041792537","https://openalex.org/W2041869209","https://openalex.org/W2047501124","https://openalex.org/W2048336909","https://openalex.org/W2050334794","https://openalex.org/W2055784634","https://openalex.org/W2055993996","https://openalex.org/W2060285027","https://openalex.org/W2065192689","https://openalex.org/W2066690376","https://openalex.org/W2067028650","https://openalex.org/W2076769624","https://openalex.org/W2079092820","https://openalex.org/W2084304524","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2096776475","https://openalex.org/W2097212255","https://openalex.org/W2097600175","https://openalex.org/W2098091801","https://openalex.org/W2099855409","https://openalex.org/W2101394529","https://openalex.org/W2101636610","https://openalex.org/W2101847207","https://openalex.org/W2101870477","https://openalex.org/W2104572865","https://openalex.org/W2104998743","https://openalex.org/W2107605154","https://openalex.org/W2107926099","https://openalex.org/W2108359457","https://openalex.org/W2108748234","https://openalex.org/W2108898681","https://openalex.org/W2109741106","https://openalex.org/W2110748811","https://openalex.org/W2116854145","https://openalex.org/W2117584890","https://openalex.org/W2120674803","https://openalex.org/W2121981260","https://openalex.org/W2126338609","https://openalex.org/W2127688694","https://openalex.org/W2130077819","https://openalex.org/W2132580435","https://openalex.org/W2136109201","https://openalex.org/W2136347775","https://openalex.org/W2137005141","https://openalex.org/W2139124157","https://openalex.org/W2144366564","https://openalex.org/W2146551925","https://openalex.org/W2148124193","https://openalex.org/W2148132004","https://openalex.org/W2149874818","https://openalex.org/W2152199407","https://openalex.org/W2153088762","https://openalex.org/W2153887174","https://openalex.org/W2154564336","https://openalex.org/W2154946179","https://openalex.org/W2156321188","https://openalex.org/W2156334663","https://openalex.org/W2158513757","https://openalex.org/W2159773000","https://openalex.org/W2160045984","https://openalex.org/W2163338810","https://openalex.org/W2163842033","https://openalex.org/W2164051818","https://openalex.org/W2164647374","https://openalex.org/W2164705526","https://openalex.org/W2166122937","https://openalex.org/W2167413626","https://openalex.org/W2168284980","https://openalex.org/W2168676717","https://openalex.org/W2171121903","https://openalex.org/W2179731956","https://openalex.org/W2500162092","https://openalex.org/W2591313944","https://openalex.org/W2601248643","https://openalex.org/W2764347725","https://openalex.org/W2912870077","https://openalex.org/W2913164239","https://openalex.org/W2952020023","https://openalex.org/W3101880787","https://openalex.org/W3106123690","https://openalex.org/W3122407545","https://openalex.org/W3217033513","https://openalex.org/W4213187604","https://openalex.org/W4242629969","https://openalex.org/W4243988164","https://openalex.org/W4251350678","https://openalex.org/W4297789162","https://openalex.org/W6638518607","https://openalex.org/W6638782439","https://openalex.org/W6651983671","https://openalex.org/W6677674659"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136109201","https://openalex.org/W1999571322","https://openalex.org/W2159059820","https://openalex.org/W2101836519","https://openalex.org/W2135054480","https://openalex.org/W1487903460","https://openalex.org/W1910471246","https://openalex.org/W2163444321","https://openalex.org/W2135061053","https://openalex.org/W2544813365"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"high":[1],"complexity":[2,68,201],"of":[3,51,73,107,125,138,164,184,190],"numerous":[4],"optimal":[5,58,90,159,192],"classic":[6,93,193],"communication":[7],"schemes,":[8],"such":[9],"as":[10,88],"the":[11,49,66,74,85,89,104,122,126,135,158,182,185,191,198],"maximum":[12],"likelihood":[13],"(ML)":[14],"multiuser":[15],"detector":[16],"(MUD),":[17],"often":[18],"prevents":[19],"their":[20,39],"practical":[21],"implementation.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24],"paper,":[25],"we":[26,43,78],"present":[27],"an":[28],"extensive":[29],"review":[30],"and":[31,38,42,154,167,175,188],"tutorial":[32],"on":[33,151],"quantum":[34,81,100],"search":[35],"algorithms":[36],"(QSA)":[37],"potential":[40],"applications,":[41],"employ":[44],"a":[45,52,62,80,99,108,113,139],"QSA":[46],"that":[47,72,181,189],"finds":[48],"minimum":[50],"function":[53],"in":[54,65,162],"order":[55],"to":[56,71,83],"perform":[57],"hard":[59],"MUD":[60,117,161,194],"with":[61,98,157],"quadratic":[63],"reduction":[64],"computational":[67,200],"when":[69],"compared":[70],"ML":[75,127,160],"MUD.":[76,128],"Furthermore,":[77],"follow":[79],"approach":[82],"achieve":[84],"same":[86],"performance":[87,166,183],"soft-input":[91,114],"soft-output":[92,115],"detectors":[94],"by":[95],"replacing":[96],"them":[97],"algorithm,":[101],"which":[102,120],"estimates":[103],"weighted":[105],"sum":[106],"function's":[109],"evaluations.":[110],"We":[111,129],"propose":[112],"quantum-assisted":[116],"(QMUD)":[118],"scheme,":[119],"is":[121,202],"quantum-domain":[123],"equivalent":[124],"then":[130],"demonstrate":[131],"its":[132,165],"application":[133],"using":[134],"design":[136],"example":[137],"direct-sequence":[140],"code":[141],"division":[142],"multiple":[143],"access":[144],"system":[145],"employing":[146],"bit-interleaved":[147],"coded":[148],"modulation":[149],"relying":[150],"iterative":[152],"decoding,":[153],"compare":[155],"it":[156],"terms":[163],"complexity.":[168],"Both":[169],"our":[170],"extrinsic":[171],"information":[172],"transfer":[173],"charts":[174],"bit":[176],"error":[177],"ratio":[178],"curves":[179],"show":[180],"proposed":[186],"QMUD":[187],"are":[195],"equivalent,":[196],"but":[197],"QMUD's":[199],"significantly":[203],"lower.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
